Life and Work of Langston Hughes :: Biography bio Hughes Langston Poet Essays

Life and Work of Langston Hughes James Mercer Langston Hughes, an African American, became a well known poet, novelist, journalist, and playwright. During the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes gained fame and respect for his ability to express the Black American experiences in his works. He was one of the most original and versatile of the twentieth century black writers. Influenced by Paul Laurence Dunbar, Carl Dandburg, and his grandmother Carrie Mercer Langston Hughes, Langston Hughes began writing creatively while he was still a young boy (Barksdale 14). Born in Joplin Missouri, Langston Hughes lived with both his parents until they separated. Because his father immigrated to Mexico and his mother was often away, Hughes was brought up in Lawrence, Kansas, by his grandmother Mary Langston. His grandmother embedded Hughes? sense of dedication. Her second husband (Hughes's grandfather) was a fierce abolitionist. She helped Hughes to see the cause of social justice. Although she told him wonderful stories about Frederick Douglas and Sojourner Truth and took him to hear Booker T. Washington, Hughes did not get all the attention he needed. Furthermore, Hughes felt hurt by both his parents and was unable to understand why he was not allowed to live with either of them. These feelings of rejection caused him to grow up very insecure and unsure of himself. Because his childhood was a lonely time, he fought the loneliness by reading different books. ?Books began to happen to me, and I began to believe in nothing but books and the wonderful world in books where if people suffered, they suffered in beautiful language, not in monosyllables, as we did in Kansas? (Hughes 16). Langston Hughes began writing in high school, and even at this early age was developing the voice that made him famous. High school teacher and classmates recognized Hughes writing talent, and Hughes had his first pieces of verse published in the Central High Monthly, a sophisticated school magazine. An English teacher introduced him to poets such as Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman, and these became Hughes?s earliest influences. In 1921 he entered Columbia University, but left after an unhappy year. Langston was very fascinated and influenced by Harlem?s people and the life itself, there. The Big Sea, the first volume of his autobiography, provided ?such a crucial first person account of the era? that much of what we know about the Harlem Renaissance we know from Hughes?

Living in a dynamic earth Essay

Evolving from ape-man society to the advanced civilization nowadays, people start to inhabit in artificial concrete jungle and live far away from the given natural environment. With social progression and economic benefits, peoples’ crave for natural resources keeps escalating from time to time. People have a great tendency to consume resources yet ignore the long-term  behavioral consequences that are destined to cycle back eventually. The significance of sustainability is mostly overlooked. The book ‘Human Science and Human History 101’ considers the planet and human as a whole system and tells the story in an informational scientific way. The book contains four main topics. Firstly introduce the formation history of the Earth and facts about different parts and components of the Earth to provide readers a solid concept and basis of the planet. Afterwards, it gradually explores the fact that human generation development and evolution are greatly determined by the changes on the Earth, for instance, the uncontrollable natural catastrophe-volcano eruption. Hence it evaluates the resulting impacts and relationships between human development and the Earth as a circulating ecosystem. The first chapter starts with the exploration of the history and facts of atmosphere, oceans and rivers. An introduction of the atmosphere composition and certain scenarios of greenhouse effect and ozone depletion spark off the chapter. The sun gives life to the Earth. It provides a primary energy source to the Earth. Solar energy of the sun breeds and sustains the living things. Temperature on the Earth simply controls climates and determines changes on the living environment and consequently triggers alterations in human behaviors, which creates human history through centuries. This chapter specifically links the variation of solar radiation to the changes on surface of the Earth and history of mankind. The aforementioned changes in solar radiation are explained by long-term cycles. (Chapter 1, P.5) With obtaining the trapped gas of carbon dioxide in ice to determine the information about the changes in atmospheric temperature, in which a 100,000 years of slow cooling in glacial pe riods and 20,000 years of rapid warming in interglacial periods can be investigated. Climate changes create different periods and with the start and end of different periods generate distant consequences hence affect and shift living of human. From the long history of 1,5000 years ago, increasing temperature leaded to the melting of water and terminated the last Ice Age. With the end of last Ice Age, three main consequences – topographic effects of deglaciation, peopling effect of the Americas and the possibility of the occurrence of biblical flood in the Black Sea occur. (Chapter 1, P.15) These three effects further mold the  surface of the Earth with the junctions of rivers, separation of the Earth continents and expansion of sea area. Firstly, ‘topographic effects of deglaciation’ discusses the physical evidence of glaciation on land and rapid sea level rise. The melting of ice uncovered the land and exposed much of the topography of North America and northern Europe. Secondly, ‘peopling of the Americas’ confers the idea of very different evolution patterns between South and North Americas using examples of primates, hominins and Homo sapiens. The circumstance was leaded by the isolation of North America by the opening of the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. Thirdly, ‘Flooding of the Black Sea’ tells that the Black sea was once isolated, and by connecting the Black Sea with other world’s ocean by melting ice, the busiest waterway in the world that affects people’s transportation routes and preferences is created. Then from the shorter history of past 2000 years, the time is divided into five periods with obvious evidence of the influence of climates to human behavior and history. (Chapter 1, P.17) For example, in the Little Ice Age, a decrease in food production and rise in food prices due to a cold climate spurred the emigration of people and eventually the high food process leaded the French Revolution. It is evident that although it seems irrelevant, when viewing the human history and climates together, we can find huge and direct relationship that can by no means be overlooked. Climate changes human behaviors and builds history. After explaining the linkage between climate and human activities, global warming is discussed as a non-stop phenomenon that keeps influencing us. After showing evidence of global warming, it is, however, stated that the rapid increases of the amount of greenhouse gases is mainly caused by human activity and social progression. For instance, in the 1700s, the industrial revolution started up the human economic production fuelled by coal; after that, the development of car (an industrial production) speeded up the utilization of oil especially in developed countries. Volcanoes, oceans and rivers activities and influences are explored to end the chapter. (Chapter 1, P.25) This chapter provides history of the Earth and human, which explains the rational behind climates and human activities and further notice us the possibility of influences to us in the future. After the comprehensive explanation of the relationship of solar radiation to  the atmospheric elements, formation of the Earth surface and eventually links to human development, chapter two proceeds to description of the solid tectonic parts and its tectonic processes, then explores its influence and relationship to human kind. ‘Tectonics’ is the deformation of the earth’s surface. In the beginning chapter two provides basic information of the structure and composition of the Earth and the principle of ‘Isostasy’. (Chapter 2, P.53) From the center of the Earth, it consisted of a core, a mantle and a crust. With the heat constantly generates from the interior of the Earth, the crust is at the same time in motion. These affects the crust which is the surface of the Earth where human habitat and creates a series of tectonic processes that we human being considered as catastrophes. ‘Isostasy’ is then referred to the concept that all elevat ion son the Earth are determined and controlled by the thickness and density of the underlying crust and known as ‘Equal standing’. Following is the discussion of the Plate tectonics, which foremost explains the heat generates from the Earth by radioactive decay and this source is strong enough to prevent shrinking and to drive tectonic processes. The chapter further remarks on the structures and processes of the movement of rocks using the concepts of continental drift, hot spot, and plates. (Chapter 2, P.61) After all the fundamental information then comes to the influences of tectonic processes include Volcanism, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Living in rifts and Living on small islands. The above five processes are discussed from its formation reasons to its impacts on humans habitat and explains with examples of the according changes in mankind behaviors and history. Firstly, in volcanoes eruption, molten rocks known as ‘magma’ is introduced and categorized into ‘intrusive rock’ and ‘extrusive rocks’. (Chapter 2, P.67) Three historically important eruptions are described. The v iolent explosion of Santorini in 1640 B.C. which has a great possibility of leading to the remarkable replacement of Minoan civilization by the Mycenaeans. The other two are explosion of glowing cloud, one is from the Mount Vesuvius and the other is the Mount Pelee. In the later eruption, a glowing cloud around 500 meters high crashed in St.Pierre which burned and covered the whole town and killed approximately 25,000 people. Secondly, earthquakes occur when faults slip in a sudden. The highest magnitude of earthquake that is ever measured is 9.5 in Chile on 22th of May in 1960. Possible influences of earthquakes are  discussed by examples at Mayan Quirigua, Israeli site of Armagedon and San Francisco. Earthquakes can be as severe as to destruct all of the existing civilization in Maya empire. However, human can also learn from time to time to protect ourselves by obtaining knowledge of building in earthquake-prone areas. (Chapter 2, P.73) Thirdly, tsunami is a gigantic system of waves in ocean basins that is resulted from sudden displacement of ocean surfaces. Mostly, tsunami is a consequence of underwater earthquakes and the examples of Indian Ocean and La Palma are then illustrated. In the significant tsunami of Indian Ocean, more than 200,000 deaths were caused directly and long-term social facilities and industries destructions, for instances, buildings, roads and tourism industry, were created. Fourthly, people living in rifts because those low valleys contain a great amount of resources in terms of water, food and fertile soils for living. Examples of East African rift system and Hawaii are mentioned to further illustrate the abundant resources in rift valleys. (Chapter 2, P.83) Last, the chapter ends with describing people living on thousands of small islands like Hawaii and Midway which are almost isolated from the rest of the world geographically but play significant role of intermediate stops of air route. With the basis of the atmospheric element and tectonic planet surface mentioned in the first two chapters, chapter three continues with the introduction of the origin of human and continents. The controversy of emergence of human kind from creationism or evolution is evaluated and the origin of existing continents is discussed with evidence. Generally, creationism represents the belief that creatures are created by Genesis 1 in the 6-day period when God made the Earth. Creationists think the concept of evolution can be compatible with creations in the biblical stories. Every living thing in the world are made by God separately and every word in the Bible is undoubtedly true. (Chapter 3, P.90) While theory of evolution tells the existing creatures are evolved from ancient living things in the process of natural selection. Evolutionist rejects supreme beings and thinks that living objects in the universe all undergoes physical processes of changing. French anatomist George Cuvier propo sed the idea that the Earth had undergone several times of huge extinction and recreation of new organisms throughout times. If the existing organisms are capable of adapting to their  environment, it survives; if it does not, it simply varies or perishes. With the continuous variation of creatures to adapt to the environment and prevent from dying produces the form of existing creatures nowadays. The controversy of creationism and evolution continued seriously through the 20th century. The trial of John Scopes in Dayton in 1925 is mentioned to show the deep-rooted conflicts. (Chapter 3, P.94) The sequence of events that influenced the Earth is also discussed with the method of ‘law of superposition’ to distinguish the age of substances. Such method can to certain extent prove the history of supercontinents. Continents preserve long history of the Earth and the discussion of continents is separated into two parts of continents formation and history of supercontinents. Two of the supercontinents are Gondwana and Pangea. Finding similar fossil in different countries or areas proved they might once be a whole complete landmass. (Chapter 3, P.111) Concerning Gondwana as an example, similar fossils are found in Australia, India, South Africa and South America. Also, glaciation evidence is found in the above areas to show its unity in the past. Finishing all the discussion of the formation and development of the Earth and human kind, the last chapter reveals the relationship between the Earth resources, human needs, behaviors and the environment influences and sustainability. ‘Sustainability’ means human’s patterns of living and working which are able to continue for the foreseeable future of humankind and, not causing series destruction or damage to any member or component in the ecosystem. (Chapter 4, P.120) This chapter breaks up the energy resources consumption and environmental consequences into five aspects of introduction to energy resources, mineral and rock resources, food resources, fresh water resources and wireless communication and the Internet. In the category of energy resources, information about world energy information is first given. It is shown that energy consumption of United States is increasing from year to year. Also, the United State that possesses 5 percent of worlds population, consumes 25 percent of world energy production. While poor countries only consume low rate of energy. An unbalance energy use is to a large extent shown. (Chapter 4, P.123) Then energy resources formation, production and consumption and history of use of different resources are described regarding fossil fuel, nuclear energy,  renewable resources and rock and mineral resources. To the aspect of food resources, nutritional requirements are discussed with a comparison and contrast of the calories consumption of industrialized countries and poor countries. Origin and characteristics of different sources of food for example Beans, wheat and fruit are mentioned afterwards. (Chapter 4, P.150) Thomas Robert Malthus produced an essay in 1798 introducing the tendency of population increasing exponentially which presented the scenario that world population kept escalating. Yet, while population increases the world is still not capable of feeding everybody although there are plenty of food. Food distribution is not even. This situation supports the doctrine of ‘survival of the fittest’, similar to the idea of natural selection in extinction and evolution. (Chapter 4, P.154) A development of silk road and distant modern communication internet and methods are then mentioned. From the further transportation of horse riding to steam engines, from land transport to ocean transport, there was a great advance in human society connection. Also with the invention and breakthrough of communication gadgets time to time, from electricity generators to telephone and to radio, information can be disseminate much easier. (Chapter 4, P.157) It is, however, worth to meditate that how those technology can be correctly used to benefit human beings. To sum up, by providing scientific information and evidence of the formation and changes of the Earth and human kind, this book tells the story between the Earth and people. While human civilization proceeds and enters the era of rapid economic activities, energy consumption keeps escalating for the productivity and need of human. It is, yet, remarkable that all of the energy sources create certain amount of problems to the Earth and environment. As a closed ecosystem, addressing sustainability is of utmost significant to human beings future life. At the end gives audience the message of its correlationship in order to highlight the importance of obtaining sustainability to human and our habitat, the Earth. Reference list: Rogers, J. W. & Tucker, T. (2008). _Earth Science and Human History 101._United States of America: Greenwood Press.

Essay about Womens Suffrage in American History - 688 Words

Womens Suffrage in American History During the late 19th century, women were in a society where man was dominant. Women did not have natural born rights, such as the right to vote, to speak in public, access to equal education, and so forth, did not stop them to fight for their rights. Womens lives soon changed when Lucy Stone, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony played a prominent role to help bring about change. Lucy Stone, an abolitionist, is one of the most important workers for womens suffrage and womens rights. When the Bible was quoted to her, defending the positions of men and women, she declared that when she grew up, shed learn Greek and Hebrew so she could correct the mistranslation that she was sure was behind†¦show more content†¦The timeline of women’s suffrage is a one that spans from 1848 to 1920. The women’s rights movement in the United States started in the year 1848 with the first women’s rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York. During this convention the ‘Declaration of sentiments’ was signed by 68 women who agreed that women deserved their own political identities. This document set forward the agenda for the women’s rights movement. In the year 1869, Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the National Women’s suffrage Association which demanded that the 15th amendment be changed to include wome n right to vote. In the year 1890, The National Women Suffrage Association and the American Women Suffrage Association merged to form National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). Colorado was the first state to grant women the right to vote in the year 1893, followed by Utah, Idaho, Washington, California, Oregon, Kansas, Arizona, Alaska, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, New York, Michigan, South Dakota and Oklahoma. The National Association of Colored Women was formed in the year 1896 to promote the civil rights of colored women. The National Women’s Trade Union League was established in the year 1903 in order to improve the working condition for women and also to bring their wages in par with that of men. National Women’s Party was one of the popular organizations that focused more on dramatic tactics like hunger strikes, picketing the White house and otherShow MoreRelatedWhat was the Women’s Suffrage Movement, and How did it Change America?711 Words   |  3 PagesSuffrage: the right to vote in political elections. The men in America have always had the right to vote. They have always had the right to do whatever they wanted. Women, on the other hand, have not. They haven’t always been allowed to vote. 1920 marked a significant landmark in American history. Women in all parts of the country voted in a political election for the first time. This may not sound like that big of a deal, but to the women of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1800s, women wereRead MoreCult of True Womanhood: Womens Suffrage1299 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 1840’s, most of American women were beginning to become agitated by the morals and values that were expected of womanhood. â€Å"Historians have named this the ’Cult of True Womanhood’: that is, the idea that the only ‘true’ woman was a pious, submissive wife and mother concerned exclusively with home and family† (History.com). Voting was only the right of men, but women were on the brink to let their voices be heard. Women pioneers such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott wrote elevenRead MoreThe Fight to Vote Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesMany women and African American men had long dreamed to have the right to vote. In many states, they could only vote if their state allowed them the privilege. The dedicated men and women fought for their right to vote in the Civil Rights Movement in the early and mid 1900s. Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment and the Voting Rights Act to give African Americans the rights to vote. It would have not occurred if the Civil Rights Movement had not taken place. The Nineteenth Amendment would not haveRead MoreWomens Suffrage1114 Words   |  5 PagesWomens Suffrage University of Phoenix - Online HIS/120 - US History 1865 - 1945 November 2007 Womens Suffrage Women’s Suffrage is a subject that could easily be considered a black mark on the history of the United States. The entire history of the right for women to vote takes many twists and turns but eventually turned out alright. This paper will take a look at some of these twists and turns along with some of the major figures involved in the suffrage movement. Womens Suffrage Background Read MoreThe Women Suffrage Movement1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe Women Suffrage Movement The right to vote, the right to go to college, the right to own property. Some people take it as a right that they had all along. That is far from the truth. Suffragists fought long and hard for many years to gain women suffrage. Before the suffrage movement began, women did not have the right to vote, child custody rights, property rights, and more (Rynder). The American Women Suffrage Movement was going to change that. People known as suffragists spoke up, and joinedRead MoreWomen s Suffrage Over The Fourteenth Amendment984 Words   |  4 PagesKelsey Martin Professor Edwards U.S. History 1301.41 17 November 2015 Women’s Suffrage Over the Fifteenth Amendment In the 1860’s tensions were running high. Slavery was finally abolished, and one very important amendment passed in favor of African American men across America. The 15th amendment passed and many African American men were thrilled by the new freedom they had; the right to vote. However, many women were perturbed by the decision congress made on February 26, 1869. Which divulgedRead MoreWomens Rights Movement1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe Women’s Rights Movement Women’s Suffrage is a subject that could easily be considered a black mark on the history of the United States. The entire history of the right for women to vote takes many twists and turns but eventually turned out alright. This paper will take a look at some of these twists and turns along with some of the major figures involved in the  suffrage  movement.   The first recorded instance in American history where a woman demanded the right to vote was in 1647. MargaretRead MoreEssay about The History of the Women’s Suffrage Movement977 Words   |  4 PagesWomen’s suffrage, or the crusade to achieve the equal right for women to vote and run for political office, was a difficult fight that took activists in the United States almost 100 years to win. On August 26, 1920 the 19th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States was ratified, declaring all women be empowered with the same rights and responsibilities of citizenship as men, and on Election Day, 1920 millions of women exercised their right to vote for the very first time. The women’sRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement1553 Words   |  7 Pagesfinally ratified, enforcing that all American women had the right to vote, and were granted the same rights and responsibilities as men in terms of citizenship. Until this time, the only people who were allowed to vote in elections in the United States were male citizens. For over 100 years, women who were apart of the women’s suffrage movement fought for their right to vote, and faced many hardships and discrimination because of it. The American women’s suffrage movement was one of the most importantRead MoreAddress To Congress On Womens Suffrage And Pearl Harbor Speech1441 Words   |  6 PagesAddress vs Address on Women’s Suffrage† The authors of the â€Å"Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation† and the â€Å"Address to Congress on Women’s Suffrage† use the rhetorical appeal of ethos, pathos, and logos to convince Congress to take action. The â€Å"Address to Congress on Women’s Suffrage† uses word choice to create guilt in those who oppose women’s suffrage, logic to appeal to the reasoning of the audience, and historical figures to create credibility for the support of women’s suffrage. These techniques enabled

The Eyeglasses as Essential Objects in Society Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The essential part of the eyeglasses is the lens with other parts being necessary for protection and assistance in the usage of the eyeglasses. The frames of the eyeglasses are made of metal or plastics or composites, with rims or sometimes they do not have rims. The frames vary in design the rimless glasses specification varies from other glasses and thus they affect the weight of the final eyeglass. The material of choice for the manufacturer is Flexon. Flexon is a material made from titanium-based alloy with a high memory factor enabling a twisted frame to return to the original shape. It has the capability of holding adjustments longer and is lighter in weight as compared to the metal frames. The workability of the Flexon is easier compared to metals and titanium when used in the process. The easiest material in terms of workability is plastic, but it has several disadvantages in the eyeglass. Flexon is hypo-allergenic, strong but also flexible and corrosion resistant. Metals h ave been used in the manufacture of Eyeglasses for over a long period of time. There are several metals and alloys used in the eyeglass frames. We will write a custom essay sample on The Eyeglasses as Essential Objects in Society or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The other disadvantage of the material is weight. Compared to plastic and Flexon, metal frames are heavier causing a strain on the nose of the user because the nose carries the weight of the spectacle. Stainless steel and aluminium are used in the making of the frames. Stainless steel does not provide a variety while aluminium is used by the high-end users because of its uniqueness it creates.

Copyright Laws Protecting Musical And Literary...

In 2015, the United States Copyright Office approved almost 500,000 claims and processed over one million copyright petitions. Copyright law protects authors’ intellectual property rights. The United States legislature has considered intellectual property protection since the Constitution’s penning. As the publishing world changes so do the laws protecting published works. As copyright law changes with time it grows more complex. Consequently, copyright litigation takes place frequently in the United States. Copyright Protection in the United States Intellectual property is a work that an individual or entity creates. This property may include things such as books, music or ideas. Copyright laws protect musical and literary intellectual creations. This applies whether the authors created the pieces for personal, artistic or business applications. Copyright law assigns ownership to a work, which the owner can then license other individuals or entities to use. Intellectual property owners can also decide how others can use their works. An author can choose to allow licensees to; alter and republish the work; only republish the work as it is; or completely sell all rights to a work - in which case the buyer is now has all rights to exploit the work as they please. How Copyright Law Has Evolved Copyright law has its origins in the United States Constitution. To foster socioeconomic advancement in America, the Founding Fathers penned a clause in Article I, Section 8 of theShow MoreRelatedThe Purpose Of Copyright Laws1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of copyright laws in modern society, as confirmed by Darrell Panethiere (2005) is to protect the creative rights of â€Å"authors, performers, publishers, broadcasters, and many others whose livelihoods depend upon the recognition of rights† (p. 1, par. 1) for their intellectual properties. In the contemporary business world, most companies that sell products of some kind depend on other firms for the design, production, and distribution of the product to make it available for selling. SuchRead MoreCopyrights And Other Legalities. Copyrights Are More Limited1490 Words   |  6 Pages Copyrights and Other Legalities Copyrights are more limited in scope than patents. They protect the original works of authorship, not the ideas they contain. In the United States, original works include literary, drama, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. A computer program, for example, is considered a literary work and is protected by copyright. A copyright gives its owner the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the material or perform or display it publicly. HoweverRead MoreCopyright Is Not Protected Under Copyright1509 Words   |  7 PagesCopyright is the exclusive right to copy or reproduce a creative work or to sell certain rights to the work. These rights apply to literary, artistic, dramatic, or musical works in a tangible form. Generally, facts, themes, ideas, most titles, names, catch-phrases and other short-word combinations are not protected under copyright. For a writer, copyright is the exclusive right to the reproduction and use of any creative material. The copyright is originally held by the author*, but these rightsRead MoreThe Copyright Law Of Canada Connected With An Ethical Line Within Music Sharing1672 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper discusses the copyright law in Canada connected with an ethical line in music sharing. Before embarking on the discussion, it is imperative to understand what copyright entails under the umbrella of intellectual property; the latter refers to intangible property, which is entirely a creation of the mind (Alexander Penalver, 2012, p. 188). Copyright is the exclusive right granted to the original author of literary work. In this effect, it prevents other people from using an authorshipRead MoreEssay on Patent Reform Gives Protection for Financial Investements852 Words   |  4 PagesPatent Reform Protection of intellectual property are investments based on acquired knowledge, thought and effort by one or multiple individuals on behalf of themselves, the business they work for when the property is created, and a financial investment. Each of these – acquired knowledge, thought, physical effort, financial investment – have a value that can be attached as it relates the usefulness or importance of the resulting product. That value will have a level of importance to the individual(s)Read MoreCopyright Protection on Internet9657 Words   |  39 PagesBUSINESS COPYRIGHT PROTECTION ON INTERNET (08BS0001781) SECTION-F Contents {text:bookmark-start} INTRODUCTION {text:bookmark-end} {text:bookmark-start} 1.1 About Intellectual Property [1] {text:bookmark-end} It is not material wants that seek ownership, but the ideas, skills and moral aspirations need equal protection. It refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Intellectual property isRead MoreProtecting Yourself And Your Art : Social Media And The Fight For Ownership993 Words   |  4 Pagesownership In this time and age of fluid copyright in open source platforms social media has created amazing groups of followers, and has increased core exposure for creatives, but with the good comes the adverse: exploitation, degradation and destruction of a creatives’ work and concepts without consultation or concern. â€Å"Copyright† is the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize othersRead MoreE Commerce : A Great Tool For Promoting Business1497 Words   |  6 Pageswith it in, online business became exposed to a large risks without protecting of its rights. Consequently, the law created to protect the rights such as copyright and/or patents, database laws, trademarks, industrial design law, and trade secret law to protect different types of intellectual property (IP) rights. The question here is, how much the laws can protect their rights, and whether such protection is adequate. Copyrights There will be a number of IP rights which exist in websites. A logoRead MoreIntellectual Property And The Copyright Act Of 19761688 Words   |  7 PagesIntellectual property represents ideas created by minds of humans that require certain rights for their use. Intellectual property gives companies a competitive advantage and attracts the attention of other business partners and investors (Lee, 2016). With such importance, it is necessary for the law to protect these ideas from being used by unauthorized individuals. To shield from this, trade secrets, patents, and copyrights are used to protect the ownership of intellectual property (Legal InformationRead MoreRole of Wto in Protecting Ipr3290 Words   |  14 PagesTrade Organization in Protecting Intellectual Property Rights Authors 1. Satyendra Narayan Singh Assistant Professor GNIT, Greater Noida. Mob. 9654151872 2. Alok Mohan Assistant Professor, RBMI, Greater Noida. Mob. 9717047774 Abstract Now a days protection of Intellectual Property Rights has become a very essential aspect for every country because so many Intellectual Properties are of national interest. Copyright, patents, trademarks

Scarface 1932 free essay sample

The rise from an ordinary middle class gangster to a notorious and high class ruler, â€Å"Scarface† is a story of a man who gets his dream and desired status in the gang world through multiple phases of killing and torturing others. It’s a story of Tony Camonte (Paul Muni) and his rise and fall as a gangster, a story of violence that ends in self-destruction. â€Å"Scarface† not only portrays the ruthless achievement of a gangster but also gives the reason behind their achievement. After going through the movie and trying to relate everything in it, this statement indeed turns out to be the most significant part, together with the famous â€Å"X† motif. One of the boldest, raw and violent movies of all time, the story of â€Å"Scarface† blames the audience for the existence of gangsters and their mob activities. Three rounds of bullets are fired on an old-fashioned and obnoxious gangster named â€Å"Big Louie† in the early morning scene as dawn approaches. Tony Camonte has just killed his boss â€Å"Big Louie† because he plans to join another notorious and rival gangster â€Å"Johnny Lovo†. A waiter cleaning the mess from the last night party witnesses the killing of â€Å"Big Louie† but quietly leaves the scene without doing anything. A common man, who suppresses his voice against violence and injustice, is the reason behind the increasing gang activities according to the movie. Another scene shows the arrest of Tony Camonte and Guino Rinaldo (Tony’s right-hand man) in a local barbershop. The barber himself helps Tony in hiding the gun before police enters the saloon, which is another example of people helping gangsters. As police takes Rinaldo and Camonte for the investigation of Big Louie’s murder, general public surrounds the scene. Once again, both Rinaldo and Camonte have build up their notorious status among the public as they pass through the crowd to get into the car. Tony Camonte is a man with huge ambitions. He wants to rule the gangster world and the only way to achieve that is by killing whomever that falls in his way. Tony’s motto, â€Å"Do it first, do it yourself, and keep on doing it† leads him to achieve the ultimate fate that he was seeking for. He is the man who loves an extravagant lifestyle, as most of the time he is seen bragging about his riches to others, especially Poppy. Poppy is a slim, flat-chested blond with curly hair whom Tony finds to be attractive with. At one point Tony sees â€Å"THE WORLD IS YOURS† sign blinking at him and the world for him, at this point, is the possession of Poppy and being on top. Currently Lovo’s girlfriend, Poppy dislikes Tony at first but eventually ends up liking him. Now that she finds Tony attractive, she wants to be closer with him and wants to spend more time with him. Her concern for Tony is reflected in a scene where, after seeing him for a long time, she says, â€Å"Where have you been? On vacation? †. Despite being attracted to Poppy, there is barely any romantic scene in between Tony and her. Instead Tony is much more interested in his sister â€Å"Cesca†. Although the movie doesn’t show any incestuous relation between him and his sister, his feeling towards her is reflected in his conservative and protective nature for his sister from other men. He goes mad when he sees Cesca with other men. This nature causes him to kill his most faithful and close friend â€Å"Rinaldo†, the man whom Tony trusted so much that he had told his intentions of killing everyone to get to the top in a short car ride at the beginning of the movie. But even after his brother killed her husband, Cesca still goes back to Tony saying, â€Å"You are me and I am you†, which pretty much shows that she too had that feeling for her brother. As far as the relationship with his mother is concerned, his mother knows that Tony is in the wrong way and that he uses other for his benefits. Throughout the movie, his mother is seen disregarding him for his acts referring him as â€Å"bad† and â€Å"no good†. As Tony works in expanding the booze business, many of his rivals, including innocent civilians, are killed. Tony shows no mercy, as he knows why and what he is doing it. In one scene, Tony and Poppy are about to have lunch when suddenly, the North-side gang attacks them. The machine guns are fired through the glasses of the restaurant as Tony and Poppy hides behind a wooden wall. The bullets hit innocent people rather than the gangsters, but Tony doesn’t care for others. He leaves the scene with a happy face, as he gets a new machine gun, which he believes will ease his work. His way of dealing with booze buying customers is also very ruthless. As he gets the new machine gun, he starts killing the North-side gang by riding inside a car and shooting through the window. In this process a lot of simple civilians losses their life and in a particular scene, a barrel of beer gets knocked out into a woman’s room and a large crying voice of her is heard. All in all, he shows no mercy for anyone. The public is shown to be the cause behind the rise of gangster and public themselves are also shown to be the ones to suffer. For me the most interesting aspect of the movie was the â€Å"X† motif, which signals murder is imminent and also the pre-murder whistling of Comante. The movie’s credits in the beginning features the â€Å"X† symbol in the background. Not only that, â€Å"X† symbol takes varied forms like shadows, wooden-cross beams, Tony’s facial scar, number in the door, score in the bowling game, etc. In all cases, whenever an â€Å"X† appears, a murder happens. In addition to murders, the â€Å"X† motif covey a very important message too. We usually associate X sign with â€Å"the end†, or â€Å"closed/no way out†. The message that the movie is giving out is, once someone gets into the crime world, there is no escape. His or her lifestyle is bounded with such circumstance that even if they try to get off it, there is no way. The only way, the only escape, is death. Regarding the whistling of Tony, it seems like Tony enjoys killing others. People usually whistle when they are in good mood or when they are trying to have fun. As per Tony, he whistles before killing someone. So, he definitely enjoys killing. â€Å"Scarface† is a story of a man, whose intentions of getting bigger and bigger ultimately kills him. The notorious rise and a humiliating fall, Howard Hawk’s â€Å"Scarface† delivers complete show of exceptional acting and delivers an important message to the public.

Jaidyn Leskie Case Essay Example

Jaidyn Leskie Case Paper I. The Main Facts of the Case The main facts of the Jaidyn Leskie case are as follows: ?Jaidyn Leskie disappeared while in the care of Greg Domaszewicz on the night of 14 June 1997. ?Mr. Domaszewicz said that Jaidyn went missing after being left asleep at his house while he went out to pick up the child’s mother. ?On the night of Jaidyn’s disappearance a pig’s head and rocks were thrown at the windows of Greg Domaszewicz’s house. ?Senior Constable Evans said he could find no evidence that anyone entered the windows. A teenage boy discovered the boy’s body on 1 January 1998, at the Blue Rock Dam. A small sleeping bag with a crowbar tied to it and a plastic bag containing baby’s clothes, a bib, elastic-sided boots, a baby’s bottle and an apple were found in the dam. ?Dr Shelly Robertson, a senior forensic pathologist who performed an autopsy on Jaidyn, said that the boy probably died from a direct blow to the head while he was in extreme pain from a fractured left arm. II. Outline the Law relating to murder/manslaughter. Explain who has the burden of proof in a trial and outline in general terms what is required to get a conviction in a murder trial. You will need to point out the law here and list and explain the recognised defences available to the accused. In the law, the killing of another person could fall under two categories, one could be murder or it could be manslaughter. Murder is when a person kills another person with malice aforethought. Malice aforethought is one of the six principals of criminal liability that the prosecution must prove for someone to be convicted of murder. We will write a custom essay sample on Jaidyn Leskie Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jaidyn Leskie Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jaidyn Leskie Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The principals of criminal liability are as follows: ?The killing was unlawful: this is about if the killing of the person was lawful or not, such as a soldier killing an enemy soldier in battle which is lawful. ?The accused was a person over the age of discretion: this means that only a person over the age of discretion (10 years of age) can commit the crime of murder. ?The victim was a human being. ?The accused was of sound mind: this means that for the crime to be murder, the accused must have been sane at the time of committing the act. The victim’s death was caused by the accused: there must be a causal link between the action/s of the accused and the death of the victim. ?Malice Aforethought: malice aforethought is where the accused must have had the intention of committing the crime (mens rea). For malice aforethought to exist, the accused must have had one of the following states of mind when committing to the crime: ? An intention to kill. ?An intention to assault a p erson making a lawful arrest, which resulted in their death. ?An intention to cause Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH). Or, ?Reckless indifference. On the other hand manslaughter is when there is, in some situations which result in death, but where there was no intention to kill or cause GBH. A person may be charged with manslaughter if their actions fall into one of the following categories: ? The accused intentionally inflicts harm. ?The accused’s actions/inactions fall below the expected level of care ? The accused’s actions were unlawful. In defence to the charge of murder the accused could use one of the following defences: ? Self-defence: to be acquitted of murder the accused must prove he/she: ? ad the belief that it was necessary to act to defend themselves or another person. ?had reasonable grounds for this belief. ?Duress: duress is where a person committed murder while under the impression that if they did not commit the crime they or someone else would be seriously harmed. ?Mental Impairment: the accused was unable to understand the consequences of their actions or was beyond reason. III. In the Domasze wicz trial, outline the role of the police throughout the whole episode. Detail the key arguments/evidence of the defence and of the prosecution. The role of the police throughout the Domaszewicz case was as follows: ? To investigate the suspicious death of Jaidyn Leskie. ?To question Mr. Domaszewicz, the prime suspect. ?Breath-test Mr. Domaszewicz when he was pulled over. Evidence/Arguments for the Prosecution. ?Greg Domaszewicz collects Jaidyn from his mother Bilynda Murphy early in the afternoon. ?Ms Murphy calls Mr. Domaszewicz at his house about 4. 00 p. m. and is told Jaidyn is about to be showered. ?Between 5. 30 and 7. 40 p. m. telephone calls to Mr. Domaszewicz’s home are not answered. At 12. 30 a. m. neighbours who live opposite Ms Murphy allege they see Mr. Domaszewicz’s car stop outside her house. ?At 2. 00 a. m. Ms Murphy calls Mr. Domaszewicz and asks him to collect her from Ryan’s Hotel in Morwell. ?Around 2. 00 a. m. a severed pig’s head and stones are thrown at Mr. Domaszewicz’s house. ?Between 2. 20 and 2. 40 a. m. Mr Domaszewicz picks Ms Murphy up in his car and they drive to his house. On the way he says Jaidyn is in hospital with burns. ?At 3. 20 a. m. Mr. Domaszewicz drops Ms Murphy at her home. ?At 3. 35 a. . Mr. Domaszewicz is breath-tested by police and says nothing about an abducted child. ?At 5. 00 a. m. Mr. Domaszewicz drives to Ms Murphy’s home and tells her Jaidyn has been abducted. Evidence/Arguments for the Defence. ?A time, place, manner or reason for the death of Jaidyn had not yet been established. ?Jaidyn’s body was found on New Year’s Day 1998, in a sleeping bag, weighted down by a crowbar, almost six months after Jaidyn’s disappearance. ?DNA testing of the sleeping bag suggested that it was in the dam for no more than two months. According to senior defence counsel at the trial, Mr. Colin Lovitt QC, there was insufficient time for Mr. Domaszewicz to take Jaidyn’s body to the Blue Rock Dam where he was found, and return in time to inform Ms Murphy of the disappearance. ?The police maintained that he had fallen in the water when he dumped the body, which explained his wet wallet and money found by the police. If this were the case, he would have had to return home and change his clothes before going to Ms Murphy’s home. ?Jaidyn’s blood was not found in Mr. Domaszewicz’s house or car. A concern to the police was Mr. Domaszewicz’s statement to Jaidyn’s mother that Jaidyn was in the hospital. Mr. Domaszewicz claimed that this was a joke. ?Mr. Lovitt said that he was known for his practical joking. IV. Do you think the accused should have been allowed to remain silent at the trial? Explain. The right to silence is a right that everyone has that will help some people from saying things that they shouldn’t, when being questions by the police the only question that you have to answer are, â€Å"what is your name? † and â€Å"where do you live? other than that you do not have to answer anything. The police are supposed to tell you that you have to right to remain silent along with the other right that you have. No, I do not think that the accused should be have been able to remain silent at the trial, because at the trial that is where all the truth should come out and if the accused is able to stay silent during the trial then there is no chance to get the totally truth, and in trial the accused is sworn in and must tell the truth and in statement they may lie and only tell the truth if found out. V. Why do you think bail was not granted in this case? When a person is charged with a serious offence, the police have two choices, one is to release the accused on bail until the time of the trial, or if there is too much of a risk that the accused will not turn up for the trial then the police can ask a bail justice and/or the Magistrates’ Court to remand the accused in custody. Bail is the release of a person from legal custody on the understanding that they will appear at their hearing or trial. Bail can be granted by a senior police officer, a bail justice, a Magistrates’ Court registrar or a court (usually the Magistrates’ Court). A bail justice is a person who has been appointed to deal with bail applications. Bail is usually granted because of the fact that the legal system says that everyone accused of a crime is to be perceived innocent until proven guilt. Bail may be refused: ? Where the accused person is charged with murder, treason or drug trafficking ? If the accused person is in custody for some other offence ? If the accused person is in custody for failing to answer bail ? If the court is satisfied that there is an unacceptable risk that the accused person, if released on bail, would: ?Fail to answer bail ?Commit an offence whilst on bail ?Endanger the safety or welfare of members of the public ?Interfere with witnesses ?Obstruct the course of justice, either in relation to him/herself or to others. Bail was not granted to Mr. Domaszewicz because he was charged with murder and because of the type of crime that he was accused of. VI. Explain the process of a committal hearing. Committal hearings are held in the Magistrates’ Court before a case is tried in the County Court or Supreme Court. Their purpose is to find out if a prima facie case exists, that is, whether the police evidence is of sufficient weight to support a conviction. If there is enough evidence to support a conviction then the accused then goes to trial. Under the amendments, preparation of a hand-up brief (where evidence is presented in written form) is the norm. Committal hearings can have a number of stages. ?Special Mention hearing In the hearing the court sets a timetable for the proceedings. If the accused pleads guilt to all charges then the magistrate commits the accused to trail in the County or Supreme Courts based on the evidence in the plea brief (a summary of charges and evidence). If the defendant does not plead guilt or does not enter a plea, then the prosecution must prepare a hand-up brief containing all the evidence, including witness statements, interview transcripts, documents, photos and a list of exhibits. ?Committal Mention Hearing The defendant receives the hand-up brief prior to this hearing and both parties then submit a direction notice indicating their intention to question witnesses or seek an adjournment. VII. Do you think the double jeopardy rule should be abolished? Discuss In my opinion the rule on double jeopardy should be abolished because although it protects the innocent from being prosecuted, it also protects criminals that have been let of for that crime from being tried again if new evidence has come up linking them to the crime. The double jeopardy rule should only be abolished with strict guidelines which ensure that the reason that it was first installed for still applies (to protect the innocent). One way that we could do this is by not completely abolishing the double jeopardy rule, instead just change it so that the double jeopardy rule still applies but with one small change, that a person acquitted of an indictable offence can only be re-tried if there is new evidence that connects the accused to the crime unquestionably. VIII. Discuss the outcome. Was justice done? Give your opinion on the events and point out any inconsistencies/problems surrounding the case. In my opinion justice was not done, because after the trial Bilynda Murphy, the mother of Jaidyn, ask for a full inquest to be held into the death of her son, to try and find out what happened to him, and in this inquest it was found that Greg Domaszewicz, although found innocent of his murder, was said to have played some part in the child’s death, if not being to direct cause of it. Being the last person to see Jaidyn alive, and to have left Jaidyn alone in his house, and then saying that he had been abducted, Greg Domaszewicz should have been able to help police find out what happened to Jaidyn. Mr. Domaszewicz while taking Ms. Murphy home from the Ryan’s Hotel, he tell her that Jaidyn is in hospital burns, which was played off as joke by Mr. Domaszewicz and his lawyer, but what person in their right mind would make a joke like that to a mother who is clearly intoxicated, that statement was not a joke, that was Mr. Domaszewicz trying to make up a plausible story to use as a cover-up for his crime, but when he saw that that story wasn’t a plausible one, he decided to make up another story, about Jaidyn being abducted. And the Pig’s Head group was a likely group to set up, since they, on the night of the crime, threw a pig’s head through the window of Mr. Domaszewicz’s house. But although the story might have been good in theory it was not so good in real life, because when they were questioned about the disappearance of Jaidyn Leskie they admitted completely about throwing the pig’s head through the window but strong denied that they had anything to do with the disappearance of Jaidyn, and said that they only threw the pig’s head through the window of Mr. Domaszewicz’s house but did not enter the house at all, and this was supported by the evidence, because no evidence was found that suggest, even in the slightest, that someone entered the house through the broken window. The defence argued that Mr. Domaszewicz could not have made it to the Blue Rock dam to dump the body, and then come back to tell Ms. Murphy that he son was missing, but how does that defence argue about his pants being wet from the waist down and his wet wallet that was handed to police when Mr. Domaszewicz was pulled over for a breath-test. All the evidence was there but was not acted upon. Although the case was weak, the was still evidence linking Mr. Domaszewicz to Jaidyn’s death and after the inquest it showed that he did play a part in the death of the child, he was the last to see Jaidyn, he was left in his house, if this was not murder then he should get charged with something because, he may not have been the direct cause of the child’s death but he most likely played a part in it.