The Existence Of Aliens :: social issues

The Existence Of AliensDo you believe in Aliens or life on different planets? There ar many people who believe they collide withn alien or U.F.O sightings, abductions, crashes and animal mutilations But is this all true? There have been many U.F.O sightings around the world matchless sighting was on June 24th 1947 Kenneth Arnold was flying over the Cascade Mountains when a set of nine strange looking objects flying across the sky. At front he thought they were reflections of the sun but after looking at them more closely he realized that they were objects flying in formation. The objects he motto had wings what were curved and shaped like a crescent moon. His next thought was that they were some new aircraft that the dividing line Force was developing and he started to era them on his clock. He calculated that they were flying much faster than any aircraft he had read about. This was a strange case indeed was this alien outer space ships or was the government making aircrafts if so why where they never reviled. One of the first people to claim to have been abducted by Aliens where Betty and Barney Hill. During September 1961 they were madcap abide from a holiday in Canada through the White Mountains. They noticed a light that seemed to be following them they assumed that it was an airplane or helicopter. After driving for a while they were forced to stop the car because the light had descended rapidly and was now much closer. Barney got out to get a better look with the guardianship of his binoculars, and described the object as banana like with pointed tips and windows. Barney started to walk slowly towards the craft, and it was only after several desperate calls from his wifes that he returns to the car. He claimed to have see aliens through the window. At this they drove back home. However, they soon realized that more than an hour of time was lost and noticed that the car had strange blotches on it. Betty reported it to Pease Air Force Base who co nfirmed that they had indeed tracked an unknown object around that time and location. Soon afterward Betty began having strange nightmares involving aliens. She consulted several doctors who suggested hypnosis. Dr Benjamin Simon who was out(p) by what the couple were independently describing hypnotized both the Hills.

Development Of The West Beyond The Mississippi :: American America History

Development Of The West Beyond The MississippiThe years 1840 to 1890 were a finish of great growth for the fall in States. It was during this time period that the unite states came to the conclusion that it had a manifest destiny, that is, it was commanded by god to someday occupy the entire North American continent. One of the most ardent chase of this smell was President James K. Polk. He felt that the United States had the right to whatever amount of territory it chose to, and in doing this the United States was actually doing a elevate for the work it seized, by introducing it to the highly advanced culture and way of life of Americans. Shortly after his election he annexed Texas. This added a great amount of take to the United States, but more was to follow. The Oregon Territory became a part of the United States is 1846, followed by the Mexican Cession in 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. At this pip the United States had accomplished its manifest destiny, it reac hed from east to west, from sea to shining sea. Now that the lands it so desired were finally there, the United States faced a novel problem- how to submit its stack to settle these lands so they would actually be charge having. Realistically, it is great to have a lot of land, but if the land is unpopulated and undeveloped, it authentically isnt worth much. And the government of the United States knew this. One of the reasons that many did not choose to settle there immediately was that the lands were quite simply in the middle of nowhere. They were encircled by mountains, inhabited by hostile Indians, and poor for farming. Because of these geographical conditions, the government was forced to intervene to coax its citizens into settling the new lands. Basically the lands were not colonised because they were available, they were colonized because of various schemes the government concocted to make them seem desirable.The government participated in a great push to get its citi zens to move to west. At first a couple of(prenominal) people moved to the west, but this changed when gold was discovered in California in 1848. This caused a gold rush to the west coast which consisted of many prospectors pursuance to take care their fortunes in the gold mines of California. Many traveled to the west coast, however few actually found their fortunes.Development Of The West Beyond The Mississippi American America HistoryDevelopment Of The West Beyond The MississippiThe years 1840 to 1890 were a period of great growth for the United States. It was during this time period that the United states came to the conclusion that it had a manifest destiny, that is, it was commanded by god to someday occupy the entire North American continent. One of the most ardent followers of this belief was President James K. Polk. He felt that the United States had the right to whatever amount of territory it chose to, and in doing this the United States was actually doing a favor f or the land it seized, by introducing it to the highly advanced culture and way of life of Americans. Shortly after his election he annexed Texas. This added a great amount of land to the United States, but more was to follow. The Oregon Territory became a part of the United States is 1846, followed by the Mexican Cession in 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. At this point the United States had accomplished its manifest destiny, it reached from east to west, from sea to shining sea. Now that the lands it so desired were finally there, the United States faced a new problem- how to get its people to settle these lands so they would actually be worth having. Realistically, it is great to have a lot of land, but if the land is unpopulated and undeveloped, it really isnt worth much. And the government of the United States knew this. One of the reasons that many did not choose to settle there immediately was that the lands were quite simply in the middle of nowhere. They were surround ed by mountains, inhabited by hostile Indians, and poor for farming. Because of these geographical conditions, the government was forced to intervene to coax its citizens into settling the new lands. Basically the lands were not settled because they were available, they were settled because of various schemes the government concocted to make them seem desirable.The government participated in a great push to get its citizens to move to west. At first few people moved to the west, but this changed when gold was discovered in California in 1848. This caused a gold rush to the west coast which consisted of many prospectors seeking to find their fortunes in the gold mines of California. Many traveled to the west coast, however few actually found their fortunes.

Lord of the Flies :: Lord of the Flies Essays

Lord of the FliesThe Lord of the Flies had 4 main characters Ralph, Simon, Jacky, and Piggy. All of the boys had a profound impact on the book but one boy was very intense and amazing. That boy was Simon. Simon was the kind of person who kept to himself and looked at the instauration from a different point of view. His disease made him take life much more seriously than the rest of the group. The ironic thing about this is that evening though he took life more seriously than some differents, he was the first to die. He was different because he was a member of the choir and unlike the other member of the choir, he did non hunt. Even Ralph was quoted as saying he was funny and queer. But he was right. He did not like the company of the other boys because on page 132 of the book, he is seen in his little bower where he just sits and becomes one with his mind. Most of the other boys are seen playing but not Simon. His maturity level and in enjoinigence were far greater than some ad ults in this day and age. Many would compare Simon to Jesus messiah. Simon would help the needy and unfortunate by giving Piggy meat when the others would not give it to him. Simon would tell the boys that the beast was within and like Jesus, many would not listen until too late. Simon and Jesus Christ died in the same manner. Both died trying to tell others what was best for them. Simon tried to tell the kids that the beast was within themselves even when he was dying but no(prenominal) listened. 2Simons conversation with Lord of the Flies is the turning point of the book. It really isnt a conversation because Simon says nothing. A nod of the head and vibe is the only language Simon speaks. The Lord of the Flies knows a lot about Simon. He knows that Simon is a loner and keeps to himself. The Lord of the Flies tells Simon that they are going to defecate fun or, in other words, hunt. Ralph could not even escape the beast. But if the beast did not exist inside your mind then it w ould not tell the kids to hunt. The Lord of the Flies told Simon if he tried to tell the boys that the beast was within themselves, then he would die.

Loneliness of Long Distan :: essays papers

Loneliness of Long DistanBorn in Nottingham in 1928 to a working class family, serving in the AirForce, and going through many struggles, Alan Sillitoe is known as aneffective representative of the English working class. Through his storyThe Loneliness of the Long-Distance R unner and the other storiescontained within the book, Sillitoe effectively criticises the level-headedsystem of England, which deprives individualism from its people, isineffective and interferes with peoples lives. His stories UncleErnest, On Saturday Afternoon, and The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner show these themes. The issues presented still are apposite today. Sillitoeeffectively criticises the legal system in Uncle Ernest. Uncle Ernestis a working-class lonely man who lives an isolated, despondent existence. Joan and Alma, whom he befriends, are very poor and in destiny of a fatherfigure. Ernest has lost all of his old friends. His family has left him. He is need of company. He can no lo nger cover up his solitude like hecovers up the sofas he re-upholsters for a living. Ernest buys food forthem, clothes, and gifts. All three are happy in the rela tionship theyhave with one-another. However, one day, he was told, nowadays look here, wedont want any more trouble from you, but if ever we see you near thosegirls again, youll find yourself up before a magistrate (57). Ernest isdeprived his life, w hat makes him happy. He is deprived the onlyfriendship he has because the spontaneous social code suggests that a mansuch as himself befriending young girls as such means that he is apaedophile. The detectives interfere with his life. Sillitoe shows t helegal system not only makes false assumptions, but goes by an unwrittensocial code that is accusational. The issue of conformity is centralErnest is not a normal member of society, therefore he is furtherostracised. In On Saturday Afternoon, Sillitoes write up is of anaccount of a bloke hanging himself. The man su rvived. When found by acopper, he was told, Its against the law. It aint your life. Andits a crime to take your own life. Its killing your self. Itssuicide. (103). The legal system is ineffective the man proved to thecoppers whose life it was. He jumped out of a hospital window to hisdeath. Furthermore, the legal system is questioned. In this almost unquiet

Storming of the Bastille :: essays research papers

The characteristics of a group are determined by its elements. The populace that stormed the Bastille on July 14th, 1789 was a group of citizens that were fierce, enraged, and blood-thirsty. To the people of Paris, the Bastille was a symbol of brutality and totalitarian power. It was hated because of the many stories that had emerged from its walls of horrible torture and brutality. To the people of Paris who stormed the Bastille, the prison which was the symbol of the absolute monarchy which France had been suffering under for so long. They were old-hat of being treated unfairly and not having a voice in most of the political affairs during the time period. They wanted "life, liberty, fraternity" and were determined to set up their wishes of a fair ruling system by means of force or agreement. Unfortunately, citizens had to resort to the use of force to gain what the felt lacked.     Later on that day, a delegation was invited into the prison by the Governor of the Bastille, Bernard de Launay. DeLaunay then invited the delegation to lunch with him. When they did not return the mob became angry, fearing that they had been detained. A second delegation was direct forth. These soon came out again with the message that the Governor had adamantly refused to surrender. The delegates also had the information that the cannon were unloaded. This piece of news was all that the mob needed to impulsion them on. "...But the fury of the crowd continued to increase and their blind wrath did not spare de Launays escort...Exhausted by his efforts to defend his prisoner...he had to seperate from M. de Launay...Hardly had he sat down when, looking afterward the procession, he saw the head of M. de Launay stuck on the point of a pike...The people, fearing that their victim might be snatched away from them, hastened to cut his throat on the steps of the Hotel de Ville..."     The mob rushed into the prisons courtyard. Some individuals were not as ruthless as others. "...Those who came in first treated the conquered enemy humanely and embraced the staff officers to come out there was no ill-feeling..." However, several of the protestors were hurt as they attacked soldiers from the army. "....The people, transformed with rage, threw themselves on the sodiers..." Fierce fighting followed and carried on into the evening. Finally the mob got their hands on roughly cannons.

Storming of the Bastille :: essays research papers

The characteristics of a group are determined by its elements. The mob that stormed the Bastille on July 14th, 1789 was a group of citizens that were fierce, enraged, and blood-thirsty. To the people of Paris, the Bastille was a symbol of atrociousness and totalitarian power. It was hated because of the many stories that had emerged from its walls of horrible torture and brutality. To the people of Paris who stormed the Bastille, the prison which was the symbol of the absolute monarchy which France had been suffering under for so long. They were tired of beingness treated unfairly and not having a voice in most of the political affairs during the time period. They wanted "life, liberty, fraternity" and were determined to fulfill their wishes of a fair ruling system by means of force or agreement. Unfortunately, citizens had to resort to the use of force to gain what the felt lacked.     Later on that day, a delegation was invited into the prison by the Governor of the Bastille, Bernard de Launay. DeLaunay then invited the delegation to lunch with him. When they did not return the mob became angry, fearing that they had been detained. A second delegation was sent forth. These in brief came out again with the message that the Governor had adamantly refused to surrender. The delegates also had the information that the cannon were unloaded. This piece of news was all that the mob needed to urge them on. "...But the choler of the crowd continued to increase and their blind wrath did not spare de Launays escort...Exhausted by his efforts to defend his prisoner...he had to seperate from M. de Launay...Hardly had he sat down when, looking after the procession, he saw the head of M. de Launay stuck on the point of a pike...The people, fearing that their victim might be snatched away from them, hastened to cut his throat on the steps of the Hotel de Ville..."     The mob rush along into the prisons courtyard. Some individuals were not as ruthless as others. "...Those who came in first treated the conquered enemy humanely and embraced the staff officers to show at that place was no ill-feeling..." However, several of the protestors were hurt as they attacked soldiers from the army. "....The people, transformed with rage, threw themselves on the sodiers..." Fierce fighting followed and carried on into the evening. Finally the mob got their hands on some cannons.

An Analysis of Miss Havisham’s Madness Essay

This paper will attempt to explore the atypical behavior of scarper Havisham, arguably the most memorable character in Charles Dickens novel, Great Expectations. The analysis shall be done in the context of the society she was part of and the events she had been through. MADNESS DURING THE tight-laced ERA During the eighteen hundreds, a common belief was that those who had mental illness suffered because they had a illness of the soul (Goldberg, 24). Their strange behavior was attributed to inherent maliciousness and they were treat apathetically in asylums by naive c atomic number 18 regardrs who permit insufficient understanding of mental illness.They were handle as animals. Patients in these early asylums were kept in cages, condition small amounts of often unclean food, had little or no clothing, wore no shoes, and slept in dirt. Because the patients could often live many years in such conditions, the c artakers became more confident that these gay beings were in actual ity closer to animals and thus deserving of such abuse (Ussher, 65). More all(prenominal)where, effective treatments for mental disorders were unavailable, with the precisely measures being such procedures as, drugging, bleeding, or purging, which produced fewer objective results (Carson et al.47). Bleeding, also kn suffer as phlebotomy or bloodletting, was utilized to release bad blood. This was usually the initial treatment. It seemed like a formal solution to restore health based upon the four humors blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Patients were cut with a lancet or leeched blood or milk was dripped over a vein to encourage the leech to bite and suck from that vein. A doctor often b conduct a patient until they fainted. Bleeding was performed not just by doctors but also by barbers.This procedure did very little to help, but did a great job in regards to weakening the patient. (Krausse) Purging involved heavy(a) patients heavy doses of laxatives or emetics to exp el poisons from the body. It was believed that diarrhea was relaxing the interior of the body while puking was thought to relieve tension on the arteries. (Krausse) Fortunately, in the mid-eighteen hundreds, beliefs astir(predicate) mental illness began to change and treatments improved. Moral management of asylums was encouraged. craziness was no longer viewed as punishment from God but as a disease of the brain, a biological occurrence that could be studied and eventually cured. This initiated a change in treatment of patients they were given decent food and clothing. They were released from their shackles and brutal confinements and were treated humanely. Women and mental illness. During the19th century, women were deemed to have weaker in declareectual faculties than men. It was believed that women were lacking in mental strength and, thus, were more susceptible to mental aberrations.It was in the Victorian era that madness was called a female malady. These attitudes were reinf orced by medical science of that magazine which defined women in biological terms as naturally passive, dep dyingent, sexually generous and born to be mothers and helpmeets to men. These beliefs severely reduced womens freedom of expression and limited their access to education, employment and ownership of property. Women who rebelled against these codes found themselves assailable to being diagnosed as mad for exhibiting a wide range of deviant, unnatural and unwomanly behaviors.(Jones) Medical writing at this time made it clear that doctors believed women uniquely vulnerable to mental derangement protecting her involved regulating her sexuality and cycles. Mothers were advised to try and delay menstruation in girls and doctors sought to regulate womens headings by regulating their bodies. Dr. Isaac Baker Brown pioneered the surgical practice of clitoridectomy as a cure for female insanity which he carried out at his backstage clinic in London.One of his patients was only 10 y ears old and the madness of several others consisted of their wish to take advantage of the new divorce act of 1857. other young woman was brought to the clinic by her family because she had suffered great irregularities of temper, was too assertive in sending her visiting cards to men she liked and spent such(prenominal) time in serious reading. (Jones) Anorexia, though prominent for many years prior, was officially recognized as a mental disease in 1873 (Ussher, 77). It flourished during the nineteenth century as women wished to exemplify their femininity.In denying food, a woman could truly be passive and become a weightless accessory for her husband. The corporeal and spiritual ideal of anorexia also became a status symbol for many women. Working class women had to eat in order to have energy to work. Thus, only middle to upper class women could afford to be anorexic. Cures included being admitted to an asylum where women rested and were excessively fed. The idea of the Wonde ring Womb also true in this era, as madness was associated with menstruation, pregnancy, and the menopause.The womb itself was thought to wander throughout the body, acting as an enormous sponge which sucked the life-energy or intellect from vulnerable women (Ussher, 74). As a result, women became synonymous with madness, as they were pronounced to be emotional and unstable. If a woman of the Victorian era were subject to an outburst, perhaps due to anger or frustration, she would be proclaimed insane. The word Hysteria became the general term for women with mental illness and cures included bed rest, seclusion, bland food, refraining from mental activities such as reading, day-by-day massage, and sensory deprivation.Though these treatments do not seem too appalling, they were comparable to solitary confinement and would often drive a woman to further insanity. (Frick) break away HAVISHAMS LIFE overleap Havisham was raised by her wealthy indulgent engender after her mother died when she was just a baby. She also came to inherit her fathers money after his death. As a young woman, Miss Havisham fell deeply in love with a crook named Compeyson, despite warnings from her initial cousin that the man was only after her money, they decided to get married.On their wedding day, Havisham received a letter from her fiance and realized she had been betrayed and jilted. From that moment on she refused to omit her wedding dress and wears only one shoe because she was on the process of putting on the other when she received the letter. She also had all the clocks in Satis house stopped at twenty minutes to nine, the moment she realized Compeysons deception. After adopting Estelle, she isolated herself from society and remained wandering the mansion in her ramshackle wedding dress with the remnants of a reception that never came to be.MISS HAVISHAMS MADNESS Miss Havishams seclusion is indicative of hysterical insanity, which Conolly classifies. His definition reads There is a form of malady, more frequent among the wealthier classes than the poorer, in which apparent bodily ailments of a changeful or obstinate character become associated with an infirmity of mind, at first slight and occasional, but afterward more fixed and confirmed. This form of disorder is chiefly seen in hysterical women the mind is agitated by every trifle, and every feeling is in excess, and seeks for sympathy with a morbid eagerness.It would seem as if to all the various portions of the brain, some unrestrained energy were directed, producing endless caprices of the mind and ever-changing bodily sensations they are nubate, suspicious, amatory, cold, and repulsive by turns. Incapable of steady friendship or affection, or of adherence to any of the duties of common life, they usually, by degrees, concentrate their attention on their own feelings and morbid sensations, and, laying claim to excessive sensibility, are really only regardful of themselves. (Conolly, 77)The fu ndamental characteristics of hysterical insanity are applicable to Miss Havisham. She has the status of wealth, a favorable group which Conolly considers vulnerable to hysteria. She is extremely whimsical. She is pleased with Estellas rapidly changing mood, a copy of her own fickleness. Miss Havishams restless temper parallels her impatient bodily reactions. Whenever Pip visits her, he is aware of impatient movement of her fingers (Dickens, 146) and her frequent hitting out with a stick in irritation is equivalent to ever-changing bodily sensations.To Pip as a child, Miss Havishams impatient finger movement is a cue of her whimsical demands to him. She apparently indulges Estella, but her love of her ward is egotistical. At the point of death, she is reconciled with Pip, but she cannot form steady friendship or affection with Estella. Her withdrawal into the deserted Satis House is, in other words, the renunciation of the duties of common life, which her wealth permits. Miss Havish am neatly fits Conollys classification. (Takei, 3) Havishams madness is not a choice. It is the effect of the conglomeration of various aspects in her life.The death of her mother robbed Havisham of a loving presence and a feminine role model, had she grown up with a mother, she could have been taught how to choose men intelligently, and she would have learned how to conduct relationships well. Growing up with a father that employs the Permissive-Indulgent parenting style, in which parents are high on transport but low on discipline and control (Carson et al. 104) had made Miss Havisham accustomed to getting her way. This has her fixated on her wedding day, the event of her rejection and humiliation.Children recruited with this type of parenting style are also observed to be manipulative, which is apparent in the relationship between Estelle and Havisham. Also, children of these types of parents grow up to be individuals who readily enter into relationships without much thought, w hich is exhibited in the action between Compeyson and Miss Havisham. Following the unfortunate incident, Havisham has secluded herself from the world. The once magnificent rooms in Satis house has been reduced to ruins filled with dirt and rotting furniture.The institutionalise within is stagnant and rancid. The garden is desolated and choked with weeds. Havisham has denounced even daylight this contributes to her illness even more. An environment rife with squalor, painful memories and rotting reminders will inevitably take its toll on her already frayed sensibilities. Another contributing factor is the views of the society during that period. Spinsters were considered mentally unsound, during the 19th century doctors claimed that being without continued male interaction would cause irritability, anemia, tiredness and fussing (Ussher).Havisham could have been initially affected by the opinions of society after she was jilted, the possibility of facing a judgmental and hypercriti cal crowd could have helped push Miss Havisham over the edge. Desertion on the wedding day in the Victorian social climate caused her an irrecoverable social stigma in addition to agony. Her decaying body exhibits social pressure on deserted women Her chest had dropped, so that she stooped and her voice had dropped, so that she spoke low, and with a dead tranquilize upon her altogether, she had the appearance of having dropped, body and soul, within and without, under the weight of a crushing blow.(Dickens, 107) These factors that were part of her upbringing, social and physical environment, may have contributed to the emotional instability of Miss Havisham. Another proof of Havishams madness not being a choice is the fact that she had sought to find a way to regain a illuminate of meaning and purpose to her life when she asked for a daughter she could adopt and care for. I had been shut up in these rooms a long time (I dont know how long you know what time the clocks keep here), when I told him that I wanted a little girl to rear and love, and save from my fate.I had first seen him when I sent for him to lay this place waste for me having read of him in the newspapers, before I and the world parted. He told me that he would look around him for such an orphan child. One night he brought her here asleep, and I called her Estella (Dickens, 713). This was Miss Havishams original goal, before her mental instability nudged her to manipulate Estelle into becoming a heart-breaker that would wreck havoc on the lives of men as a kind of revenge for what happened to her. Towards the end when Estelle leaves to marry Bentley Drummle.Havisham realizes the extent of deadening she had caused with Pips heartbreak. To see her with her white hair and her worn face kneeling at my feet, gave me shock through all my frame. I entreated her to rise, and got my arms about her to help her up but she only pressed that hand of mine which was nearest to her grasp, and hung her head o ver it and wept (Dickens, 709) Until you spoke to her the other day, and until I saw in you a looking-glass that showed me what I once felt myself, I did not know what I had done. What have I done What have I done And so again, twenty, fifty times over, What had she done (Dickens, 710) Havishams utter remorse and guilt when she realizes that Pip has been through the same heartache she has experienced is proof that the perverse diverge she provided Estelle was not done because she deliberately chose it, rather, she had reached emotional instability because of the events in her life that enabled her to do such actions. As soon as she realized the effect it had on Pip, she was horrified and begged forgiveness. She recognizes that she has tormented Pip, whose heart is as vulnerable as her own.Havisham says, I am not all stone (Dickens, 705), her sympathy and the kindness of a human heart still remains. By her ethical awakening, she recovers her sanity for a short while. Havishams madn ess was not a choice the events in her life, the environment she lived in, the social interactions she subjected herself too, and her personal flaws, all of these played a part in her mental fragility. Miss Havisham had truly loved Compeyson. This is apparent in one of her conversations with Pip, Havisham exclaims, Ill tell you, what real love is.It is blind devotion, unquestioning self-humiliation, utter submission, trust and belief against yourself and against the whole world, giving up your whole heart and soul to the smiter as I did (Dickens, 426). The intense passion and complete commitment she had felt for Compeyson corresponds to the utter heartbreak she went through and the unbearable pain she felt over his betrayal. This was the principal event that led to her insanity, unable to cope she manages to survive only by retreating into her own mind and withdrawing from the difficulty of moving on with a normal life.She believed her mental illness was undeniable for her existe nce. Works Cited Carson, C. , Butcher, J. , Mineka, S. Abnormal Psychology and Modern life 11th edition (Needham Heights, MA), 2000. Print Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations, Planet PDF format (online publication Planet PDF). meshwork Ussher, Jane M. Womens Madness Misogyny or Mental Illness? (Ameherst, Ma University of Massachusetts Press), 1991. Print Takei, Akiko. Miss Havisham and Victorian Psychiatry, (PDF format) . Web Conolly, John.On Some of the Forms of Insanity (London), 1850. Print. Jones, Claire. Women and madness, Herstoria magazine (Jones5 Publishing Limited) . Web Goldberg, Ann. Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness (New York Oxford University Press), 1999. Print Summary Mental illness during the 19th century had initially been attributed to inherent malevolence or punishment from God it was during the mid-eighteen hundreds that doctors have begun to view it as a disease of the brain, a biological occurrence that could be treated.During the Victorian Era it was believed that females were more susceptible to mental imbalance because of their weaker minds. Society dictated that the roles of women should be strictly confined to household and they must all be under the support of men. Miss Havishams madness was not a choice. It was a result of the conglomeration of various aspects of her life the environment she lived in, the family she grew up with, the events she had been through, the society she is part of and the personal flaws she had. on the whole of these have played a role in her madness. The breaking point had been the abandonment and betrayal of her fiance Compeyson, whom she loved deeply. In her devastation she proceeds to let her life revolve around the wedding day she never had. Havisham wanders the ruined halls of her Satis home wearing the yellowed wedding dress she refuses to take off and development only one shoe because she was in the process of putting on the other pair when she received the letter from Compeyson.She also had all the clocks in her home stopped twenty minutes to nine- the moment she realized she was betrayed. She adopted a girl named Estelle and proceeded to influence her to become a cold and ruthless girl to wreak havoc in mens lives. She saw this as a type of revenge to all men for the pain shes been through. Towards the end of the book Havisham regains sanity for a short while after realizing the pain of heartbreak Pip has been through because of her machinations. Guilty and remorseful, she begs Pip for forgiveness and realizes her mistake.

Hawaiian Islands

Hawaii and Tourism Hawaii is like no other(a) place on earth (Goshawks). Hawaii attracts m either tourists per year because of Its history, geography, and entertainment This state is k right awayn for its many islands, volcanoes, and humor as well. When I think closely Hawaii all imagine is standing on the beach over human faceing the ocean getting hit with the nice warm breeze hearing gag and seeing smiles. Since Hawaii Is one of the most isolated places on Earth It makes holidaying there completely stress and worry free, because you are out-of-the-way(prenominal) away from kinsperson and nothing n your mind but having a great vacation (Inner p. ). The state was founded by the Polynesians and it was too named by them. The word Hawaii in the Polynesian language meaner Homeland (Wisped). Having a name with such a powerful meaning says a lot about the state. I think It shows that anyone could look to Hawaii as their own homeland. Hawaiis communication with Europe started when it was founded by two British Explorers (Wisped). James Cook and captain clerk were suppose to be look for for the Northwest Passage, and discovered the Hawaiian Islands on January 18, 1778 They then spent the studyity of he year searching for the Northwest Passage.When Cook had no luck, he accustomed his search and turned their transmit south towards the islands. Cook and Clerk arrived in Hawaii between November of 1778 and January 1779 where they landed at Keelhaul Bay. Awaiting their arrival were thousands of excited natives. When Cook determined to leave the newly found island he found that the natives had stolen one of his ships. Cook proceeded to leave, however a few days later returned with marines to take the power hostage. The king had no objections to abandoning his Island and ongoing with Cook and the marines, however the fellow natives tried convincing the king not to go.The attitudes of everyone quickly channelised when word that a chief had been killed, not far up the Island. The natives encountered and the marines fired back with guns and bayonets. The battle only lasted a few minutes but when it was over, Cook lay dead on the beach (south-pole). Since the Europeans had now discovered the Islands It progressively grew until It became the fiftieth state to Join the U. S. Hawaiis tourism industry officially began in 1927. That year. The first luxury passenger ship, the S. S. Mallow, began voyages between San Francisco and the Islands (En p. 34).With the new ship making voyages It brought great new revenue to the islands. However, the world changed forever when the Japanese bombed the U. S. Navy that was stationed In Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7th 1941. This attack made Americans weary tot the Japanese and soon the Japanese were singled out to show how loyal they were to America they signed up to fight in orb War II (Inner p. 3536). Things finally started looking up for Hawaii on August 21, 1959 It was announced that Hawaii was now a part tot the fall in States tot America. The tourism coming into Hawaii was finally picking back up too (Inner p. 36).The amount of tourism Hawaii sees Is constantly rising. As of family 2012 Hawaii has had 583,363 total visitors. Exactly one year ago in September tot 2011 Hawaii only and 553,187 total visitors, thats a 5. 5% change over one year (Hawaii Tourism Authority). Many tourists go to Hawaii besides because of the history of the islands, however many go for the geography as well. in that respect are six major islands to visit in Hawaii Kuaka, AAU, Monomial, Lana, Mama, and Hawaii Island (Goshawks). No matter which of the six ajar islands you are on the weather is the more or less the same with very little changes throughout the year.The fact that tourists are attracted by Hawaiis pleasant, sunny climate makes Hawaii such a desirable place to vacation (Inner p. 13). Hawaii only has two seasons all year long summer, which ranges from May to October, and winter, which ran ges from November to April. The temperatures in the summer range from a low of OFF to a luxuriously of OFF in the winter the temperatures range from a low of OFF to a high of OFF (Goshawks). Many mint think of the islands as Just an island, but they are not. The Hawaiian Islands are really tops of volcanic mountains. The Hawaiian islands were created when boiling lava surged upward through almost 2,000 miles of cracks in the floor of the pacific Ocean (Inner p. 8). When the hot lava met the mildly cold water it became hard. As the years progressed this happened more and more eventually causing it to appear above the water as an active volcanic island. It took many years for the Hawaiian Islands to actually get carved out into what it is today (Inner p. 8-9). Kuaka is one of the prettiest islands to visit from Hawaii. It is one of the top quintet largest islands to see and it will take your breath away.This island is used to film movies that have major Jungles and beautiful beach es. Also this island is full of beautiful coconut trees (Inner p. 55). AAU is the closest island to Kuaka and is the home of Pearl Harbor. This island is known for its pineapples and coffee fields (Inner p. 56-57). This island is also home to the Triple Crown of Surfing competition which is held on the beaches of Williwaw, Waianae Bay, Sunsets, Chukka, and other world-famous North Shore beaches (Inner p. 57). This island is for the most part sited to see the historical attributes that is offered here.Monomial is the second closest island to Kuaka and is shaped like a shoe. This island is the fifth largest island in Hawaii (Inner p. 59). This island is the beaver island out of them all to have a lazy vacation. It is a great place to go snorkeling or swimming or to enjoy a sightseeing tour, complete with the African wildlife (Inner p. 60). The pot that reside on this island are never in a hurry to do anything and are some of the nicest people you would ever meet (Inner p. 60). Lana i is the most ego contained island of them all. It is the best island to go for peace and quiet.The island only has two hotels and hardly anywhere to shop. This island only attracts tourists that want beautiful clear water and to see the beauty of the island. This island is best suited for big city tourists (Inner . 60). The island Mama is actually two inactive volcanoes connected by an isthmus, or strip of land (Inner p. 62). This island is perfect for tourists visit so they can see volcanoes. Also, this island has the best tour to see a whale shooting water out of its blowhole, which is absolutely an unforgettable sight (Inner p. 64). The last major island to visit is Hawaii itself.This is the island that gave the state its name. This island is the largest of them all in fact Hawaii is twice as big as the other islands added together (Inner p. 64). This island is home to several(prenominal) volcanoes, including the most active one in the entire world, Killable. Watching this volc ano erupt is absolutely breathtaking, but it is extremely dangerous. It has completely engulfed over two hundred homes and covered several beaches. The only g detect the volcanic eruptions have to this island is the fact that it is growing. Its lava flows have added almost 600 acres of new land to the islands coast since 1983 (Inner p. 5). This island in my opinion would be the best island to visit due to the fact it is the most breath taking island because of its scenery. I have never been to Hawaii but from the pictures I have seen Im sure it is absolutely gorgeous. The last reason I feel Hawaii is such a great tourist spot is the entertainment and the eagerness of the state. Hawaii is home to the Luau and the Hula jump. Americans have parties with a Luau theme all the time. Luaus are traditional native Hawaiian feasts that are held in nor of graduations, weddings, or a babys first birthday (Inner p. 7). The luau is now used as a theme for all kinds of parties whether it is a b irthday or Just a get together. Americans have also adapted the flower garlands, called leis (Inner p. 4). The leis are the number one symbol that is best known in Hawaii (McCain p. 88). Whether you are in Hawaii or any state, when you see leis it automatically brings Hawaii to your mind. I see them garlands hanging on rear view mirrors in vehicles all the time. I also see this at the luau theme based parties. When tourists visit Hawaii here is always a Luau going on because it is such a popular event.Another popular event for tourists to acquire and experience while at the Luau is the Hula. The Hula dance was used during religious gatherings. Both men and women learned to dance, but only men performed in the temples (McCain p. 89). The dance is mostly made up of hip and hand movements, which make up the words of the song that is being played while the dance is performed. Many people still practice and study the Hawaiian culture and are always creating different ways to act out the symbols of the state (McCain p. 89-90). I know when I see someone on TV doing the Hula dance it brings the great state of Hawaii to mind.In conclusion, the history, geography, and entertainment of Hawaii are what attract tourists to this state. The fact that the climate is always the same and that there is so much history to learn from the islands. While also gaining new ways to entertain is what makes this state amazing. From doing this research on the state has Just made me want to visit the islands even more then I did before. It has made me believe that Hawaii is the best vacation spot, no matter what time of the year. Works Cited Hawaiis Official Tourism Site. Hawaiis Official Tourism Site, 2012.

Report on Consumer Behavior of Soft Drinks Essay

INTRODUCTION Need for the orbit With the stinting liberalization in India a number of global companies pass water been coming forward to arrange in India and tapping perhaps and worlds biggest suppuration market. As the floodgates afford been opened up for Multinational Companies, the global giant c oka plant- cola in like manner decided to authorize an entry into the Indian market. In India, the per capita consumption of soft plights is at rock bottom level even little than our neighboring countries Pakistan and Bangladesh, where it is four times as much.The last summer was speci wholey sweltering virtuoso, with temperatures hitting the higher(prenominal) 40s in some places yet bottles were disappearing from shelves faster than they could be re dictated. In the peak season, they found themselves short of capacity and having to turn around their trucks faster and faster to slake the greater Indian thirst. With growth rates zooming into the double digits, bottlers have been propelled into expanding capacities. With their big-time plans, the multinationals have metamorphosed the face of this business, long prevail by small-time businessmen.If demand continues to enlarge annually at an averold age of 20 percent, then volumes could pop off one billion baptistrys inside ten historic period. 4 These arc ambitious targets and to reach them the cola makers will have to build capacity, infrastructure, make their bottlers much available and more affordable. There ar 5. 00,000 retailers stocking soft make happys in India. Also, soft wassails which retail at either(prenominal) where between Rs. 9. 00 and Rs. 12. 00 atomic number 18 expensive when calculated against purchasing power.As they toy with their strategies, keeping an eye on each another(prenominal) all the time, ultimately theres only one guy they have to watch push through for, who will determine their fortunes the driver. The real race to quench his thirst has scarce begun 5 Object ives of the study To study nigh the consumer preference with regard to soft drink in To study about the consumer perception with regard coca plant pinhead To understand the Promotional Strategies To find out the medium which is most effective in reach the consumers? 6 Research methodology.Data will be collected from a sample coat 1000 and distributed over different areas by using simplex Random Sampling. Random Sampling consists of 1. Demographic Segmentation 2. Sociocultural Segmentation 3. Use-Related Segmentation 4. Use-Situation Segmentation Analysis 1. Data Analysis is done both qualitatively and quantitatively. 2. The analysis is presented pictographically using bar graphs PERIOD OF THE STUDY The period of the study is past one year 7 Scope of the study The freshly economic policies of the Govt. of India adopted in the mid eighties were given further impetus by the early nineties.The Indian market has undergone considerable changed as a aspire consequence of many o f these policies and soft drink industry is no exception to this. Keeping the above mentioned perspective in the background, the researcher has selected soft drink market, since the merchandising task his became more challenging and intensive competition has opened up impertinent vistas. Companies are evolving merchandise strategies by studying the demands of the market place more and more penetrating into appropriate market segments introducing differentiated products to improve their market share.The soft drink market has achieved an accelerated growth in the past decade. compressible drinks let in ail types of non alcohol change flavored or otherwise sweetened beverages. The entry of Pepsi and the reentry of coca plant Cola in the India market arc inevitably facing set competition but the ultimate winner is customer/consumer. This has led the researcher to study me perception of consumers towards different brands of soft drinks and to gauge out the 8 promotional strategi c being adopted by the marketers to lure promiscuous buyers and win a larger share in the markets.The cola wars are intensifying and pitch manifold changes in the soft drink industry. The researcher has conducted a detailed survey, interpreting the responses to study the perception of the consumers. Now the people with changing life styles and increase in income levels have made the soft drink a common man drink. Liven through the existing system of marketing of soft drink has not tapped such a big market in the interiors of the country specially the rural areas, as marketing in the suburban and rural areas is underdeveloped slowly. Despite the soft drink industry is growing at a very healthy pace and stands at 18% per annum.The market for cool drinks comprises of adults in the 35 years age group who are largest consumers of the soft drink in the country followed by young adults in the age group of 15-25 years and children in the age group of 614 years hence, companies must develo p their product and marketing slraleiues to suit their needs. Limitations of the study 1. The study is conducted with in the confines of the twin cities 2. The study made use of both the primary and secondary sources of discipline. The accuracy and authenticity of statistics depends of the accuracy of the second 9 source itself.Therefore, the limitation of the secondary source is also bound to be present in the analysis too. 3. In spite of all the care taken to translate the feelings and opinions of the respondents, the errors might creep into the study, may be because of the reason that consumers may fail to articulate their feelings properly. 4. Due to lack of time and finances, the sample size is confined to hundred only. The method adopted for sampling is convenient. Therefore, size and method implications are bound to be present in the findings. Hence, the findings cannot be taken for granted for generalization for the whole population.Study is confined to consumers belonging to age group between 20 25 years 10 CHAPTER-II COMPANY PROFILE 11 COMPANY PROFILE 2. 1 INDUSTRY PROFILE Soft drinks are typical and necessary consumer products, which are generally consumed by the souls to quench the thirst and for a good flavour, and it is considered to be the symbol of social status. The two master(prenominal) reasons, which classify the soft drinks under consumer products, are their easy availability and their reasonable high degree standardization. Among the listed consumer goods (i. e. , perishable items) soft drinks is considered nonessential and as a high life item.Soft drinks can be classified into two broad categories- carbonated drinks and noncarbonated drinks. Both have enormous market. In case of carbonated beverages the dominance of carbon-dioxide is the main factor in determining the quality. Cola, leman and orange are carbonated drinks while mango drinks come under non-carbonated category. A prolonged visible and sparking frothiness is sought a fterward to produce soda peck in such drinks. The basic constituents of soft drinks are water, sweeteners, acidulates, flavorings, colorings, foaming agents and preservatives. The soft drink market is dominated by a hardly a(prenominal) brands.coca plant Cola and Pepsi products for example. 12 Soft drink industry in India has witnessed phenomenal growth in the recent past, particularly after the exit of coca plant-Cola. The exit of coca-Cola from India during the late seventies gave a bolter scope to several Indian soft drink companies to grow. These were a rapid growth in this industry but each one aggressively competed with one another to capture a major share in the market. The competition was very high even in terms of publicize. The perishable items like soft drinks need a lot of advertizement, as they are not necessary for the consumer.Most of the consumer consume just for fun & refreshment purpose and not and for nay other special reason. For that reason the soft drink m arketers concentrate more on the advertisement part and they keep on designing bare-ass advertisements, which conquer the heart of the consumer. They take special care in casting the popular figures. These soft drink markets also include some offers like tours to someplace and so on. These soft drink companies will sponsor for many of the sport events in order to have good edge over the competitor as per as the publicity is considered.SOFT DRINK 1NDUSTR Y IN INDIA The entry of carbonated soil drink into the Indian soil is relatively new. The credit for introducing branded soil drink goes to pure drinks private Ltd, Delhi. Later this company became the franchised bottler of Coca Cola export corporation. Accordingly, in 1950, Coca Cola made its outgrowth debut in the Indian market. This 13 is the story about the origin of soft drinks in India. After Coca Cola, Pepsi entered into the market. The exit of Pepsi made coke the undisputed draw in the soft drinks market.This company to o was forced to leave India due to its non compliance with the rules and regulations of the Government in 1977. The exit of coke proceeds a boom to national manufactures and all the players started increasing their business. Among the many national players like pure drinks Me Dowels, Modem foods, Spencers and parley, Parle emerged as the leader in the Indian soft drink market. It is believed that by the end of 1989. Parle captured more than 75% of the national soft drink market. In 1990. Pepsi rccntcrcd India and started making more noise in the market. All the same, it grabbed considerable market share from parley.Besides this. Coke also reentered India after 16 years of exile, fearing that, it cannot cling to its market leading. Parle sold itself to Coca 1993. By buying over local competition the two American Cola giant share cleared up the arena and are packing all their power behind building the Indian franchise of their global girdling brands. If Pepsi invests Rs. 300 core, C oke will be investing more than that and vice versa. The total coronation is of a size and scale that the Rs. 3048 cork soft drink businesses have never seen beforehand. Both players see enormous potential in this country.Where swigging a carbonated beverage is still considered a treat virtually a luxury. Consequently by world standards Indias per capita consumption of three servings is rock bottom less even 14 Cola for $40 Million November, than over neighbors Pakistan and Bangladesh. Where is four times as much so, the cola giants feel that per caps can only go up and up. As incomes improve so do life styles a pattern they have seen in many of the 195 countries they sell their universal products. HISTORY OF coca COLA ATLANTA BEGINNINGS (1868 1892) It was 1886 in NEW YORK harbor, workers are constructing the statue of the liberty.800 miles away another great symbol was about to be unveiled. Like many people who change the history, JOHAN PEMBHRTON, a civil war veteran & Atlanta pharmacist, was inspired by simple curiosity. He loved tinkering with medicinal formulas, and one afternoon, searching for a contiguous cure for head aches, his stipend up a fragrant Carmel colored liquid in a three legged pot. When it was done, he carried it a few doors down to Jacobs pharmacy. I Icrc. the mixture was combined with carbonated water and sampled by customers who all agreed this new drink was something special. So Jacobs pharmacy put it on sale for five cents a glass.PEMBERTONS book keeper FRANK ROBINSON named the mixture COCA COLA and wrote it out in his intelligible script. To this day, COCA COLA is written in the, same way. In this first year the company sold about 9 glasses of coca cola a day. A century later on the coca-cola company has produced over ten billion gallons of syrup. Unfortunately for Pemberton, he was more of an inventor than a businessman and had no idea that the had invented one of the greatest products of the world. Over 15 the course of 3 years 1881 1891. Pemberton sold the company to Atlanta businessman Asa Griggs Candlcr for the total of about $ 2300.Candlcr would become the companys first president and the first to bring real vision to the business and the brand. BEYOND A TLANTA (1893 1904) As a Candler, a ingrained born salesman transformed Coca Cola from invention to a business. Lie knew there were thirsty people out there and Candler found brilliant and modernistic ways to introduce them to this exciting new refreshment. He gave away coupons for complimentary first tastes of Coca Cola brand. People saw (oca Cola each where and the aggressive promotion worked. By 1895, Candler had built syrup plants in Chicago, Dallas and Los Angeles.Inevitably, the sodas popularity led to a demand for it to be enjoyed in new ways. In 1894. a Mississippi businessman named Joseph Bernhard became the first to put the drink in bottles. He sent of them to Candler, who responded without enthusiasm. Despite being a brilliant and innovative businessman, he didnt realize then that the heart of Coca- Cola would be with portable, bottled beverage customers could take anywhere. He still didnt realize it five years later when in 1899, two Chattanooga lawyers, Benjamin. Thomas and Joseph b. Whitehead secured exclusive rights from him to bottle and sell the beverage lor the sum of one dollar.SAFEGAURD1NG THEBKANOfl905-1918) 16 Imitation may be the sincerest of flattery, but the Coca Cola Company was none too pleased about the proliferation of copycat beverages taking the advantage of its success. This was great brand. Both needed to be protected. Advertising focused on the authenticity of Coca Cola, urging can summers to demand the genuine and accept no substitute. The company also created a distinct bottle shape to assure people they were actually getting a real Coca -Cola. In 1916, the Root glass company of Treat, atomic number 49 began manufacturing the famous contour bottle.The counter bottle for its at tractive appearance, original design and the fact that, even in the drink, you could identify the genuine article. As the country roared into the new century, the Coca Cola Company grew rapidly moving into Cuba. Puerto Rico, France and other countries. In 1900 there were two bottles of Coca Cola, by 1920, there would be about 1000. THE fragrant bedstraw LEGACY Perhaps no person has more impact on the Coca Cola company the Robert Woodruff In 1923, five years after his father Ernest purchased the company from Asa Candler, Woodruff become the company president.While Candler had introduced the U. S. Coca Cola, he would nearly spend 60 years as company leader introducing the beverage to the world beyond. Woodruff was marketing genius who saw opportunities for expansion every where the captivated foreign markets with his innovative campaigns. Coca Cola traveled with the U. S. aggroup to the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics to the logo was emblazed on racing dog sleds in Canada & the walls of b ull fighting arenas in Spain. He pushed 17 development & distribution of the six-pack, the open solve cooler and all innovations that made it easier for people to drink Coca Cola.When it became clear to the company that housewives would be more inclined pass off buy six-packs they could open easy at home, women were sent door to door, installing branded Coca Cola openers, this is exactly the kind of out side the box thinking that Cola not just a huge thrived under Woodruffs leadership and it made Coca success, but a big party of peoples lives. THE WAR & ITS LEGACY In 1941 America entered into World War II thousands of men & women were sent overseas. The country & Coca Cola rallied behind them.Woodruff ordered that every man in uniform gets a bottle of Coca Cola for 5 cents, wherever he is, whatever it cost the company 1943, General Dwight D. Eisenhower sent urgent cable to Coca Cola requesting shipment of materials for 10 bottling plant. During the war many Europeans enjoyed t heir first taste of beverage and when peace finally came, Coca Cola be placed within arms reach desire, was coming true from the rnidf-40s until 1960, the number of countries with bottling operations nearly doubled. Post war America alive with optimism & prosperity.Coca Cola was a part of fun, carefree America lifestyle & the imagery of its advantage happy couples at the drive in, carefree moms driving are yellowness convertibles reflection of the spirit of the limes. A WORLD Or CUSTOMERS (1960- 1981) 18 is a wonderful After 75 years of amazing success with brand Coca Cola, the company decided to expand with new flavors sprite in 1961, TAB in 1963 and Fresco in 1966.The companys presence worldwide was growing rapidly year after year, Coca Cola found a home in more & more places. Cambodia, Montserrat, Puce, Turkey &. more advertising for Coca Cola always an important & exciting part of its business really came into its own in the 70s and reflects a brand totally in tune with fun , playfulness and freedom. The international appeal of Coca- Cola was embodied buy 1971 commercial, where a group of young people from all over the world equanimous on a hill top in Italy to sing Id like to buy the world a coke. In 1978, the (oca Cola Company was selected as the only company allowed selling packaged cold drinks in the peoples Republic of China.DIETCOKESA NEWCOKE (1982 1989) The 80s the era of legwarmers, head bands and the physical fitness craze and a time of much change and innovation at the Coca Cola Company. In 1981. Roberto C. Goizucta became chairman of the board of directors & CEO of the Coca- Cola Company. He who fled Castros Cuba in 1961. completely overhauled the company with a strategy he called intelligent risk taking among his bold moves was organizing the numerous U. S. bottling operations into a new public company, Coca Cola enterprises, Inc.he also released diet coke, the very first extension of Cola trade mark within two years, it had become top low calorie drink Cola.One of Goi/uetas other the Coca in the world, second in success only to Coca 19 incentives in 1985, was the release of new taste for Coca Cola, the first change in formulation in 99 years. In taste people loved the new formula. In the real world they had a deep emotional attachment to the original and they had a deep emotional attachment to the original and they bagged and pleaded to get it back. Critics called it the biggest marketing blunder ever.But Goizueta, as Warren Buffet once said, had a knack for turning lemins into lemonade. The original formula was return to the market as Coca increase its lead over the competition Cola classic, the product began to a lead that continues to this day. COCA COLA NOW (1990 NOW) In 1886. Coca Cola brought electrifying refreshment to patrons of a small Atlanta pharmacy. Now well at 2nt century, the companys goal is to provide that magic every time, in cc countries, with each of its 230+ and ever growing brands. Coca Cola has customers from Boston to Bahrain, drinking brands like Ambassa, Veitabela and freseolita.In the remotest corners of the globe, you can still find Coca Cola. In February 2000, Doug Daft was named company chairman. Coca Cola a huge international company, but Drafts vision is to have the company operate as a collection of smaller, locally run business. No one, Daft points out, decides to enjoy one of our products globally. T hats why Coca Cola committed to local markets, to paying attention to what people from different cultures and backgrounds like to drink and where and how they want to drink, livery ten seconds. 1. 26,00 people choose to reach for one of the Coca.20 Cola company brands & it is the companys mission to make the choice exiling & satisfying every single time. COCA COLA IN INDIA MARKET Coca Cola has started its operation in Indian market in October 1993. This has been its reentry in the India market after withdrawal of its operation in 1970s. The Indian mar ket offers a strong consumer potential as majority of the population is in middle class category which is a strong consumer base for any FMCG company like Coca Cola to float its range of products.Coca Cola has acquired the soft drink brands like Thumps Up, Gold spot, l.imea. Maa/a, Bisleri soda etc which were floated by parle as these products have achieved a strong consumer base and formed a brand image in Indian market during the reentry of Coca range of products of Coca Cola in 1993. Thus these products became a part of Cola. MISSION Or COCA COLA Provide clients with appropriate systems solutions for effective & profitable business use adopting a quality management approach maintains a competitive edge with the admirer of latest and user friendly information technology.VISION OF COCA COLA To be a proactive & service oriented business partner for influencing change & contributing to increase share owner value through a sanctified & creative team. 21 OBJECTIVE OF COCA COLA To develop a business strategy for systems implementation which is simple, effective & practiced to execute in a well timed(p) manner for bottling system.CHAPTER-III THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ABOUT THE TOPIC 22 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ABOUT THE TOPIC Consume r Behaviour, The Marketing Process and Models of Consumer finish-making mental influences the consumer as an individual Perception, motivation, learning, attitudes, attitude change and persuasive communications Social and cultural influences the consumer as a group member.Group influence and opinion leadership reference group influence social class and economic influences, lifestyles, ethnic, religious, age and regional groups The consumer as a last maker Individual decision-makin g, demographics and household decision making personality, self-concept and sex roles, purchase and post-purchase Some issues that arise during forms in the consumption branch Consumers perspective 23 CONSUM BEHAVIO ER UR A model in this context is a representation of Consumer Behaviour.The aim is to provide a simplified portrayal of consumer processes to aid our description, explanation and control of buying behaviour. Types of consumer behaviour models blacken Box models Personal variable models Personal Engel, Blackwell and Minored Howard-Sheath Nicosia Perhaps the most useful set of categories is that of low, medium or high level models. In this case the level refers to the level of complexity so a low level model would be a relatively simple representation of the phenomenon while a Simple models 24 high level model of the same event would be much more complex and detailed and include more variables.In the marketing context the modeling approach has two key objectives 1. description, explanation, prediction (and ultimately control of consume behaviors) and/or 2. Aiding researchers in their task of developing relegate hypotheses and theories about the relationships and processes involved in consumer behaviour Mode ls can be evaluated against their ability to satisfy either or both of these objectives. Study on Consumer Behaviour 25 SIM PLE M ODELS OF CONSUM BEHAVIOUR ER Lower level or simple models, in contrast, fall into three broad categories black box models, decision process models and personal variable models.Black Box models do not consider internal variables. They focus on inputs and outputs without concerning themselves with the intervening mental processes, which might determine the outcomes. Decision process models attempt a simple description of the stages consumers progress through in reaching purchasing decisions. Most are variations on the classic chore solving/decision making process of Define problem generate alternative solutions evaluate alternatives decide implement monitor.These approaches give a sound background for marketers seeking to devise strategies that are appropriate for each stage. Inevitably they are not strong on explanation or prediction without consid erable elaboration, which makes them, locomote into the comprehensive model category. Personal variable models the personal variable models omit external variables. So these models focus on the mental processes of decision-making internal elements and processes such as perception, motivation, beliefs and values.One classic example of the personal variable model is the fisheye model, summarized as A, = B, o, 26 Where A0 = the attitude towards object o8, = the strength of belief about o a, = the evaluation aspects of 6 n = the number of beliefs Study on Consumer Behaviour Individual Determinants of Consumer Behaviors Psychological Factors Influencing The Buying Decision Process Psychological factors operating within individuals partly determine peoples general Behaviour and thus influence their behaviour as consumers. The primary psychological influences on consumer behaviour are Perceptions Motives Ability and knowledge Attitudes Personality Even though these psychological fac tors operate internally, it will become apparent that consumers are also very much moved(p) by social forces outside the individual CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR LEARNING AND MEMORY attainment is a change in behaviour that is caused by experience.27 Learning can occur through simple associations between a stimulus and response, or via a complex series of cognitive activities Behavioral learning theories use up that learning occurs responses to absolute conditioning occurs when a stimulus that naturally protracts a response (an unconditioned stimulus) is paired with another stimulus that does not initially elicit this response. Over time, the second stimulus (the conditioned stimulus) comes to elicit the response as well Study on Consumer Behavior This response can also broaden to other, similar stimuli in a process known as stimulus generalization.This process is the basis for such marketing strategies as licensing and family branding, where a consumers unconditional associations with a product are transferred Operant or instrumental conditioning Occurs as the person learns to perform behaviour that produce positive outcomes. While unblemished learning to other contexts, outcomes and avoid those that result in negative conditioning involves the pairing of two stimuli, instrumental occurs when reinforcement is delivered following a response to a stimulus. Reinforcement is positive if a reward is delivered following a response.It is negative if a negative outcome is avoided by not performing a response. penalisation occurs when a response is followed by unpleasant events. 28 Extinction of the behaviour will occur if reinforcement is no longer received. Cognitive learning occurs as a result of mental processes. For example, observational learning takes place when the consumer performs behaviour as a result of seeing someone else performing and being rewarded for it. retrospection refers to the storage of learning information. The way when it is perceived determines how it will be known as sensory memory, role in retaining information is encoded stored in memory.The memory systems short-run memory, and long-term memory each play a and processing information from the outside world. Information is not stored in isolation it is incorporated into knowledge structures, where it is associated with other related data. The location of product information in associative networks and the level of abstraction at when and how this information will influence the likelihood of salience (or which it is coded, help to determine be activated at a later time.Some factors that retrieval include the level of familiarity with an item, its prominence) in memory, and whether the information was presented in pictorial or written form. 29 Products also play a role as memory markers they are used by consumers to retrieve memories about past experiences (autobiographical memories) and are often valued for their ability to do this.This function also contributes to the u se of nostalgia in marketing strategies. Memory for product information can be measured through either recognition or Recall techniques. Consumers are more likely to recognize an advertisement if it is presented to them than to recall one without being given any cues. (See Solomon 1994 137-138) Learning theories.Marketing and Involvement Theory Examples of low interest group Examples of high involvement Free sample of hair shampoo delivered Faced with mounting debts, individual through front door and stored in responds to advertisement offering bathroom. When usual shampoo runs to solve the problems with a single out, trial pack is used, found welcome loan. Learns the cost of borrowing and purchased (or not). From loan sharks A positive emotional response is the generation of higher-order Generated by the use of a particulate conditioning allows the customer to Classical pop tune.This becomes associated have positive feelings about a Conditioning with a product, even though the p roduct, which may be more person alternatives, does not consciously pay expensive than e. g. attention to the advertising luxury goods. 30 A common brand of baked beans id Clothes purchased and worn give Operant purchased. They taste OK 1 . The rise to numerous complements, conditioning consumer continues to purchase that Further cloths of the same label are brand bought.An individual learns that Amstrad Keen cooks learn about various Iconic rote makes personal computers without makes of kitchen knives by careful learning ever consciously focusing on PCs or reading of Study on advertisements with they Amstrads advertisements find enjoyable Consumer Behaviour The Guardian unavailable at Commuter, distressed by daily Insight newsagents when on holiday, difficulties with parking decides to learning Customer buys the self-reliant purchase mountain bike to solve the instead problem Consumer spots low salt, low sugar Consumers as a family, having won Latent beans on the supermarket shelf , the pools, decide that they can now learning Remembers healthy eating afford their dream car.Choose advertisements and purchases tin model they have always wanted A child learns parental roles by Individual observes reaction to a Vicarious observation but without really friend s new style sutt before deciding learning thinking about it to purchase Car taken to garage for service. Commuter finds level of smoke Customer offered a new higher-Experimental contaminant on upper deck of bus too powered model to use for 31 the day-learning offensive to tolerate and decides to Impressed by the car, the consumer travel on lower deck decides to move up the range when the time comes to change car.Consumer Decision Processes The most common, everyday problem solving sequence is 32 33 In the marketing context, Engel, Blackwell and Minored suggest that this becomes S Information search S Evaluate alternatives S Purchase and Outcomes Stage I Information Search The first step in this stage is oft en internal memory search to establish whether the individual possesses enough information about the available options to make a decision without further action.In low involvement consumer decisions this may often be the case, but external search is more usual with high involvement purchases. Opinion leadership and word-of-mouth communication will be significant at this stage, as well as the more formal marketing and advertising messages. Similarly, past learning, stored in the memory system, is shown to be a significant source even in extended problem solving situations.The information search stage is also affected strongly by individual differences and environmental factors e.g. the traits and orientation of some individuals means that they have the personality characteristic of discretion such people will tend to conduct extensive and detailed information search. Similarly families and reference groups are likely to make significant contributions to the sum of money and style of search conducted. 34 Many of our decisions are often made on less than complete information. The important point is that the purchaser feels that enough information has been gathered.Study on Consumer Behavior In the light of the differences between high and low involvement purchasing, the perception of the value of continued search is likely to be significantly higher in high involvement decisions. The external search is dominated by marketing messages and the information so gathered should be supply into the memory system via processes similar to the research on Perception Exposure Attention Comprehension.

Globe Theatre Essay

William Shakespeare was innate(p) on April 26, 1564. William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the girl of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon. He was the third child of eight and the eldest surviving son. Scholars curb surmised that he most the likes ofly attended the Kings late School, in Stratford, which taught reading, writing and the classics. THEATRICAL CAREER Some of Shakespeares rounds were published in quarto editions from 1594.By 1598, his name had become a sell point and began to appear on the title p develops. Shakespeare continued to act in his own and other bes after his success as a dramatist. EARLY whole shebang With the exception of Romeo and Juliet, William Shakespeares first plays were mostly histories written in the proterozoic 1590s. Richard II, Henry VI (parts 1, 2 and 3) and Henry V dramatize the destructive results of unclouded or corrupt rulers, and require been interpreted by drama historians as Shakespeares way of justifying the origins of the Tudor Dynasty.Shakespeare also wrote several comedies during his early period the humourous romance A Midsummer Nights Dream, the romantic Merchant of Venice, the wit and wordplay of Much Ado close to Nothing, the charming As You equivalent It and Twelfth Night. Other plays, possibly written onward 1600, include Titus Andronicus, The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew and The Two Gentlemen of Verona. LATER WORKS It was in William Shakespeares later period, after 1600, that he wrote the tragedies Hamlet, King Lear, Othello and Macbeth. In these, Shakespeares characters present vivid impressions of human temperament that are time little and universal.Possibly the best known of these plays is Hamlet, which explores betrayal, retri onlyion, incest and good failure. These virtuous failures often drive the twists and turns of Shakespeares plots, destroying t he hero and those he loves. In William Shakespeares final period, he wrote several tragicomedies. Among these are Cymbeline, The Winters Tale and The Tempest. though graver in t hotshot than the comedies, they are not the dark tragedies of King Lear or Macbeth because they end with reconciliation and forgiveness.JULIUS CAESARThe Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599. It portrays the 44 BC conspiracy against the Roman dictator Julius Caesar, his assassination, and the defeat of the conspirators at the Battle of Philippi. It is one of several plays written by Shakespeare establish on true events from Roman history, which also include Coriolanus and Antony and Cleopatra. THE TEMPEST The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 161011, and thought by many critics to be the last play that Shakespeare wrote alone.It is set on a remote island, where Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan, plots to restore his daughter Miranda to her rightful place using conjury and skilful manipulation. He conjures up a storm, the eponymous tempest, to lure his usurping brother Antonio and the complicit King Alonso of Naples to the island. There, his machinations bring about the revelation of Antonios lowly genius, the redemption of the King, and the mating of Miranda to Alonsos son, Ferdinand. THE TAMING OF THE SHREW The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1590 and 1592.The play begins with a framing device, often referred to as the Induction,1 in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunkentinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself. The nobleman then(prenominal) has the play performed for Slys diversion. The main plot depicts the courtship of Petruchio, a gentleman of Verona, and Katherina, the headstrong, obdurate shrew. Initially, Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship, bu t Petruchio tempers her with various psychological tormentsthe taminguntil she becomes a compliant and obedient bride.The subplot features a competition between the suitors of Katherinas more desirable sister, Bianca. HAMLET The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is a tragedy by William Shakespeare. Set in the Kingdom of Denmark, the play dramatizes the revenge. Prince Hamlet exacts on his uncle Claudius for murdering King Hamlet, Claudiuss brother and Prince Hamlets father, and then succeeding to the throne and ta superpower as his wife Gertrude, the old kings widow and Prince Hamlets mother.The play vividly portrays both true and feigned madnessfrom overwhelming grief to agnizething rage and explores themes of tr separatelyery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption. Hamlet is Shakespeares longest play and among the most powerful and influential tragedies in English literature, with a story capable of seemingly endless retelling and reading by others. 1 The play was one of Sha kespeares most popular works during his lifetime and still ranks among his most-performed, topping the Royal Shakespeare Companys performance keep down since 1879.TWELFTH NIGHT Twelfth Night or, What You Will is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 160102 as aTwelfth Nights delight for the close of the Christmas season. The play expanded on the musical interludes and riotous disorder expected of the occasion,1 with plot elements drawn from the short story Of Apollonius and Silla by Barnabe Rich, based on a story by Matteo Bandello. The first recorded performance was on 2 February 1602, at Candlemas, the formal end of Christmastide in the classs calendar.The play was not published until its inclusion in the 1623 commencement Folio. MACBETH Macbeth was written by William Shakespeare. It is considered one of his darkest and most powerful tragedies. Set in Scotland, the play dramatizes the corrosive psychological and political effects produced when e vil is chosen as a way to fulfil the ambition for power. The play is believed to have been written between 1603 and 1607, and is most commonly dated 1606. The earliest account of a performance of what was probably Shakespeares play is April 1611, when Simon Forman recorded seeing such a play at the nut Theatre.It was first published in the Folio of 1623, possibly from a prompt book. It was most likely written during the reign of James I, who had been James VI of Scotland before he succeeded to the English throne in 1603. James was a patron of Shakespeares acting union, and of all the plays Shakespeare wrote during Jamess reign, Macbeth most clearly reflects the playwrights relationship with the sovereign. MERCHANT OF VENICE The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598.Though classified as a comedyin the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeares other romantic comedies, the play is perhaps most remembe red for its dramatic scenes, and is best known for Shylock and the famous Hath not a Jew eyes? speech. Also notable is Portias speech about the quality of mercy. The title character is the merchant Antonio, not the Jewish loan shark Shylock, who is the plays most prominent and most famous character. THE COMEDY OF ERRORS The Comedy of Errors is one of William Shakespeares early plays.It is his shortest and one of his most farcical comedies, with a major part of the humour coming from slapstick and mistaken identity, in addition to puns and word play. The Comedy of Errors (along with The Tempest) is one of only both of Shakespeares plays to find the classical unities. It has been adapted for opera, stage, screen and musical theatre. The Comedy of Errors tells the story of two sets of identical twins that were accidentally separated at birth. Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant, Dromio of Syracuse, arrive in Ephesus, which turns out to be the home of their twinbrothers, Antiphol us of Ephesus and his servant, Dromio of Ephesus. When the Syracusans encounter the friends and families of their twins, a series of wild mishaps based on mistaken identitieslead to wrongful beatings, a near-seduction, the arrest of Antipholus of Ephesus, and chimerical accusations of infidelity, theft, madness, and demonic possession. POEMS In 1593 and 1594, when the theatres were closed because of plague, Shakespeare published two narrative poems on erotic themes, genus Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. He consecrate them to Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton.In Venus and Adonis, an innocent Adonis rejects the sexual advances of Venus while in The Rape of Lucrece, the virtuous wife Lucrece is raped by the lustful Tarquin. Influenced by Ovids Metamorphoses, the poems show the guilt and moral confusion that result from uncontrolled lust. 124 Both proved popular and were often reprinted during Shakespeares lifetime. A third narrative poem, A roll in the hayrs Complaint , in which a immature woman laments her seduction by a persuasive suitor, was printed in the first edition of the Sonnets in 1609. nearly scholars now accept that Shakespeare wrote A Lovers Complaint. Critics consider that its fine qualities are marred by leaden effects. The Phoenix and the Turtle, printed in Robert Chesters 1601 Loves Martyr, mourns the deaths of the legendary phoenix and his lover, the faithful turtle dove. SONNETS Published in 1609, the Sonnets were the last of Shakespeares non-dramatic works to be printed. Scholars are not certain when each of the 154 sonnets was composed, but evidence suggests that Shakespeare wrote sonnets throughout his career for a private readership.Even before the two unauthorised sonnets appeared in The Passionate Pilgrim in 1599, Francis Meres had referred in 1598 to Shakespeares sugred Sonnets among his private friends. Few analysts believe that the published collection follows Shakespeares intended sequence. He seems to have planned t wo contrasting series one about uncontrollable lust for a married woman of dark complexion (the dark lady), and one about conflicted love for a fair young man (the fair youth).It remains unclear if these figures represent real individuals, or if the authorial I who addresses them represents Shakespeare himself, though Wordsworth believed that with the sonnets Shakespeare unlocked his heart. The 1609 edition was dedicated to a Mr. W. H. , credited as the only begetter of the poems. It is not known whether this was written by Shakespeare himself or by the publisher, Thomas Thorpe, whose initials appear at the animal foot of the dedication page nor is it known who Mr. W. H. was, despite numerous theories, or whether Shakespeare even authorised the publication.Critics praise the Sonnets as a profound meditation on the nature of love, sexual passion, procreation, death, and time. ESTABLISHING HIMSELF By 1597, 15 of the 37 plays written by William Shakespeare were published. Civil record s show that at this time he purchased the second largest house in Stratford, called naked House, for his family. It was a four-day ride by horse from Stratford to London, so it is believed that Shakespeare spent most of his time in the city writing and acting and came home once a year during the 40-day Lenten period, when the theatres were closed.By 1599, William Shakespeare and his business partners make their own theater on the south bank of the Thames River, which they called the terra firma. In 1605, Shakespeare purchased leases of real nation near Stratford for 440 pounds, which three-fold in value and earned him 60 pounds a year. THE MERMAID TAVERN GROUP About this time Shakespeare became one of the group of now-famous writers who gathered at the Mermaid Tavern placed on Bread Street in Cheapside. The Friday Street Club (also called the Mermaid Clu was formed by Sir Walter Raleigh. Ben Jonson was its leading spirit. Shakespeare was a popular member.He was admired for hi s talent and love for his kindliness. Thomas Fuller, writing about 50 years later, gave an amusing account of the conversational duels between Shakespeare and Jonson Many were the wit-combats betwixt him and Ben Jonson which two I behold like a Spanish great galleon and an English man-of-war Master Jonson (like the former) was built far higher in learning solid, but slow, in his performances. Shakespeare, with the English man-of-war, lesser in bulk, but lighter in sailing, could turn with all tides, tack about, and take advantage of all winds, by the quickness of his wit and invention. Jonson sometimes criticized Shakespeare harshly. only he later wrote a eulogy of Shakespeare that is remarkable for its feeling and acuteness. In it he said Leave thee alone, for the comparison Of all that insolent Greece or tyrannical Rome Sent forth, or since did from their ashes come. Triumph, my Britain, thou hast one to show To whom all scenes of Europe homage owe. He was not of an age, but for all time sugared Swan of Avon what a sight it were To see thee in our waters yet appear, And make those flights upon the banks of Thames, That so did take Eliza, and our JamesWRITING STYLE William Shakespeares early plays were written in the conventional style of the day, with elaborate metaphors and rhetorical phrases that didnt always align naturally with the storys plot or characters. However, Shakespeare was genuinely innovative, adapting the traditional style to his own purposes and creating a freer flow of words. With only small degrees of variation, Shakespeare primarily used a metrical pattern consisting of lines of unrhymed iambic pentameter, or blank verse, to compose his plays.At the same time, there are passages in all the plays that deviate from this and use forms of poetry or simple prose. Shakespeare combined poetic genius with a practical sense of the theatre. Like all playwrights of the time, he dramatised stories from sources such as Plutarch and Holinshed. He r eshaped each plot to create several centres of hobby and to show as many sides of a narrative to the audience as possible. This strength of design ensures that a Shakespeare play can survive translation, cutting and childlike interpretation without loss to its core drama.As Shakespeares mastery grew, he gave his characters clearer and more varied motivations and distinctive patterns of speech. MARRIAGE AND LIFE IN LONDON In 1582, when he was 18, he married Anne Hathaway. She was from Shottery, a village a mile (1. 6 kilometers) from Stratford. Anne was seven or eight years older than Shakespeare. From this resistence in their ages, a story arose that they were unhappy together. Their first daughter, Susanna, was born in 1583. In 1585 a twin boy and girl, Hamnet and Judith, were born. What Shakespeare did between 1583 and 1592 is not known.Various stories are told. He may have taught school, worked in a lawyers office, served on a rich mans estate, or traveled with a caller-out o f actors. One famous story says that about 1584 he and some friends were caught poaching on the estate of Sir Thomas Lucy of Carlecote, near Warwick, and were forced to leave town. A less likely story is that he was in London in 1588. There he was supposed to have held horses for theater patrons and later to have worked in the theaters as a page. By 1592, however, Shakespeare was definitely in London and was already recognized as an actor and playwright.He was then 28 years old. In that year Robert Greene, a playwright, accused him of borrowing from the plays of others. Between 1592 and 1594, plague kept the London theaters closed most of the time. During these years Shakespeare wrote his earliest sonnets and two long narrative poems, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. Both were printed by Richard Field, a boyhood friend from Stratford. They were well received and helped establish him as a poet. RELIGION Some scholars claim that members of Shakespeares family were Catholics, at a time when Catholic practice was against the law.Shakespeares mother, Mary Arden, certainly came from a pious Catholic family. The strongest evidence might be a Catholic statement of faith signed by John Shakespeare, found in 1757 in the rafters of his former house in Henley Street. The document is now lost, however, and scholars differ as to its authenticity. In 1591 the authorities reported that John Shakespeare had missed church for fear of process for debt, a common Catholic excuse. In 1606 the name of Williams daughter Susanna appears on a list of those who failed to attend Easter communion in Stratford.Scholars find evidence both for and against Shakespeares Catholicism in his plays, but the truth may be impossible to prove either way. SHAKESPEARE PROSPERS Until 1598 Shakespeares theater work was confined to a district northeast of London. This was outside the city walls, in the parish of Shoreditch. Located there were two playhouses, the Theatre and the Curtain. Both were managed by James Burbage, whose son Richard Burbage was Shakespeares friend and the greatest tragic actor of his day. Up to 1596 Shakespeare lived near these theaters in Bishopsgate, where the North Road entered the city.Sometime between 1596 and 1599, he moved across the Thames River to a district called Bankside. There, two theaters, the Rose and the Swan, had been built by Philip Henslowe. He was James Burbages chief competitor in London as a theater manager. The Burbages also moved to this district in 1598 and built the famous Globe Theatre. Its sign showed Atlas supporting the world. Shakespeare was associated with the Globe Theatre for the rest of his active life. He own shares in it, which brought him much money. Meanwhile, in 1597, Shakespeare had bought New Place, the largest house in Stratford.During the next three years he bought other property in Stratford and in London. The year before, his father, probably at Shakespeares suggestion, apply for and was granted a coat of arms. It bore the motto Non sanz droictNot without right. From this time on, Shakespeare could write Gentleman after his name. This meant much to him, for in his day actors were classed legally with criminals and vagrants. Shakespeares name first appeared on the title pages of his printed plays in 1598. In the same year Francis Meres, in Palladis Tamia Wits Treasury, praised him as a poet and dramatist.Meress comments on 12 of Shakespeares plays showed that Shakespeares genius was recognized in his own time. HONORED AS ACTOR AND PLAYWRIGHT Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603. King James I followed her to the throne. Shakespeares theatrical company was taken under the kings patronage and called the Kings Company. Shakespeare and the other actors were do officers of the royal household. The theatrical company was the most successful of its time. Before it was the Kings Company, it had been known as the Earl of Derbys and the Lord Chamberlains.In 1608 the company acquired the Blackfriar s Theatre. This was a smaller and more aristocratic theater than the Globe. Thereafter the company alternated between the two playhouses. Plays by Shakespeare were also performed at the royal court and in the castles of the nobles. After 1603 Shakespeare probably acted little, although he was still a good actor. His favorite roles seem to have been old Adam in As You Like It and the spot in Hamlet. In 1607, when he was 43, he may have suffered a serious physical breakdown.In the same year his older daughter Susanna married John Hall, a doctor. The next year Shakespeares first grandchild, Elizabeth, was born. Also in 1607 his brother Edmund, also a London actor, died at the age of 27. GLOBE THEATRE The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeares playing company, the Lord Chamberlains Men, on land owned by Thomas Brend and inherited by his son, Nicholas Brend and grandson Sir Matthew Brend, and was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613.A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and closed in 1642. A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named Shakespeares Globe, opened in 1997 approximately 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre. The Globe was owned by actors who were also shareholders in Lord Chamberlains Men. Two of the six Globe shareholders, Richard Burbage and his brother Cuthbert Burbage, owned double shares of the whole, or 25% each the other four men, Shakespeare, John Heminges, Augustine Phillips, andThomas Pope, owned a single share FAMOUS QUOTESAll the worlds a stage, and all the men and women merely players they have their exits and their entrances and one man in his time plays many parts, his acts being seven ages. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor player, that struts and frets his hour upon the stage, and then is heard no more it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. Listen to many, speak to a few. CRITICAL REPUTATION Shakespeare was not venerable in his lifetime, but he received a large amount of praise.In 1598, the cleric and author Francis Meres singled him out from a group of English writers as the most excellent in both comedy and tragedy. And the authors of the Parnassus plays at St Johns College, Cambridge, numbered him with Chaucer, Gower and Spenser. In the First Folio, Ben Jonson called Shakespeare the Soul of the age, the applause, delight, the wonder of our stage, though he had remarked elsewhere that Shakespeare wanted art. FIRST FOLIO Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies is the 1623 published collection of William Shakespeares plays.Modern scholars commonly refer to it as the First Folio. Printed in folio format and containing 36 plays (see list of Shakespeares plays), it was prepared by Shakespeares colleagues John Heminges and Henry Condell. It was dedicated to the inc omparable pair of brethren William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke and his brother Philip Herbert, Earl of capital of Alabama (later 4th Earl of Pembroke). Although eighteen of Shakespeares plays had been published in quarto prior to 1623, the First Folio is the only reliable text for about twenty of the plays, and a valuable source text even for many of those previously published.The Folio includes all of the plays generally accepted to be Shakespeares, with the exception of Pericles, Prince of Tyre and The Two direful Kinsmen, and the two lost plays, Cardenio and Loves Labours Won. W. W. Greg has argued that Edward Knight, the book-keeper or book-holder (prompter) of the Kings Men, did the actual proofreading of the manuscript sources for the First Folio. Knight is known to have been responsible for maintaining and annotating the companys scripts, and making sure that the cuts and changes ordered by the Master of the Revels were complied with.DEATH Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616 and was survived by his wife and two daughters. Susanna had married a physician, John Hall, in 1607, and Judith had married Thomas Quiney, a vintner, two months before Shakespeares death. In his will, Shakespeare left the bulk of his large estate to his elder daughter Susanna. The terms instructed that she pass it down intact to the first son of her body. Shakespeares will scarcely mentions his wife, Anne, who was probably entitled to one third of his estate automatically.He did make a point, however, of leaving her my second best bed, a bequest that has led to much speculation. Some scholars see the bequest as an insult to Anne, whereas others believe that the second-best bed would have been the matrimonial bed and therefore rich in significance. Shakespeare was buried in the sanctuary of the Holy Trinity Church two days after his death. The epitaph carved into the stone slab covering his grave includes a curse against moving his bones, which was carefully avoided during restora tion of the church in 2008.