Pre-modern and Modern Political Philosophy Essay

Pre-modern and Modern Political Philosophy - Essay ExamplePre-Modern period Locke and Hobbes Locke and Hobbes are representatives of defer of character political philosophy. On the one hand, state of nature is rather dangerous for the order. There is a lack of security for the society and in wound of the fact that people honor each other and keep their promises and the atmosphere is friendly and pleasant, violent conflicts may occur. Hobbes underlines an obligatory subjection of people to ever existent hazards and madness and no society may exist on the background of unsafe conditions for individuals existence. Both, Locke and Hobbes underline that the evolution from the state of nature to the civilized society does not disturb human nature. Moreover, they claim that when an individual transits from the nature of state to civil society he is improved for sure. Basically, their views of state of nature were different for Locke state of nature is a peaceful place and for Hobbes i t implies brutality, a place for violence. Therefore, these phlosophers use theoretical tool of state of nature in two different shipway for Hobbes, a common Power is required for people to provide them with safety conditions for existence and avoid conditions of Warre (Hobbes, p. 75). ... Thus, further ideas of Hobbes about a sovereign imply that the last mentioned is the protector of people, the supreme authority. For Locke, sovereign power should be in hands of citizens. In other words, position of Hobbes may be interpreted as pertinent to the development of the States with authoritarian regime and Lockes views are relevant to the States with democracies. Modern Period Hegel and Marx For Hegel, historys growth is the realization of absolute mind. In spite of the fact that this concise definition of concept of history was mainly criticized, it should be viewed as an objectification and abstraction of a more multifaceted definition. The main critic of Hegels history conceptuali zation was Marx. Hegels philosophy was considered by the latter as an inapplicable philosophy. Hegels valuable idea was about historys progression as the progression of the Spirit from a state of a lesser to a greater freedom. Of course, materialist philosophy developed by Karl Marx contradicts with Hegels historical developments. patch contrasting spiritual and materialistic philosophies of Marx and Hegel, it can be seen that the moving force for historical development for Marx is material production, not an individual. For Hegel, an important motive forces is mind. The main terminal of the State for Hegel is its serving for the needs of people and protection of the private property. For him, the government represents the highest form of ethical life or, in other words, it regulates and corrects internal conflicts of the civil society. For Marx, the civil society is the base for mutual co-existence of productive